History n Systems Exam 3 pt 2

Structuralism employed the method of introspection to search for elements of consciousness and the rules by which they combine. What happened to structuralism?

• progressed into its own field

• was immersed into functionalism

• was immersed into behaviorism

• died with Titchener

Which of the following is true of William Moulton Marston?

• developed the polygraph test as a lie detection tool

• resident psychologist for "Family Circle Today"

• advocate for greater freedom and opportunity for women

• created Wonder Woman

• a pioneer in the study of Black psychology and the first to allow African Americans to earn doctorates in psychology in the US

Answer explanation

He was a student of Munsterberg

Which of these are true of Ivan Pavlov

• behaviorism

• researched variations in classical conditioning (dog experiments with salivation)

• worked to challenge claims of Gestalt psychologists

• molar behavior, large units of behavior found in the world (this was viewed as goal-directed)

• "higher nervous activity"

Which of these is true of Ivan Pavlov?

• action at a distance or physical reflex

• evaluated the process of extinction, spontaneous recovery, disinhibition, generalization, and discrimination

• ultra maximal inhibition (a state of protective shock), equivalent phase, paradoxical phase, and ultra paradoxical phase, and experimental neurosis

• argued that most emotional attachments occur through conditioning

• defined as “a purely experimental branch of natural science” with the goal of “ the prediction and control of behavior”

Which of these characterize Edward Thorndike's ideas and contributions?

• connectionism: belief that learning involves the development of connections or bonds between sense impressions and responses

• cat box resulted in the law of exercise (connections are strengthened through repetition) and the law of effect (connections are strengthened or weakened as a result of their consequences)

• doctrine of formal discipline (the idea that certain subjects held beneficial general effects) and identical elements transfer theory (the degree of identity between identity between the first and second tasks)

• sane positivist” (values could better society)

• Psychology from an Empirical standpoint (separated the physical and menta; and defined psychology as “the science of mental phenomena”

This man taught as a functionalist, but his practical work was more closely related to behaviorism, and he truncated law of effect that cast doubt on the effectiveness of using punishment. He is

• Edward Thorndike

• Franz Brentano

• Edward Tolman

• John Watson

Which things characterize John Watson's ideas and contributions?

• defined as “a purely experimental branch of natural science” with the goal of “ the prediction and control of behavior”

• habit and learning formed the center of this psychology (cause and treatment of people with mental illness)

• Little Albert experiment (conditioned emotional reactions of fear conditioning)

• promoted cognitive behaviorism

• action at a distance or physical reflex

Which of these characterize John Watson's ideas and contributions?

• behaviorism was thorough (natural science approach to thinking wasn’t possible and that thinking was a behavior)

• -concerned with practical problems of psychology and behaviorism strongly influenced methods in applied psychology

• purposive behaviorism (behavior is cognitive and docile, e.g. teachable)

• latent learning was possible in the absence of reinforcement

Answer explanation

success of behavioral therapy is in part owed to early behaviorists such as Watson

Which things characterize Edward Tolman?

• purposive behaviorism (behavior is cognitive and docile, e.g. teachable)

• promoted cognitive behaviorism

• molar behavior, large units of behavior found in the world (this was viewed as goal-directed)

• intervening variables: referring to psychological processes that distract behavior and mediate between stimuli and observable responses

• scholarly output in childhood, adolescence, education, and religious phenomena

What is true of Edward Tolman?

• cognitive maps; mental representations of the environment that make it possible for an animal to grasp locations and relationships

• learning is marked by radical discontinuities: insight in learning

• extinction as a change in the expectancies of the organism recognition

• argued for the recognition of more advanced cognitive processes in animals (inventive ideation)

• latent learning was possible in the absence of reinforcement

Answer explanation

He had a very strong moral sense as well and lacked no confidence in his own importance. However, his ideas lacked practical applications