DNA Damage and Repair

What is the difference between large-scale mutations and point mutations?

• Large-scale mutations involve the loss or rearrangement of a whole chromosome, while point mutations involve a change in just one base pair.

• Large-scale mutations involve a change in just one base pair, while point mutations involve the loss or rearrangement of a whole chromosome.

• Large-scale mutations and point mutations both involve the loss or rearrangement of a whole chromosome.

• Large-scale mutations and point mutations both involve a change in just one base pair.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a point mutation?

• A mutation that results in the loss or rearrangement of a whole chromosome.

• A mutation that involves a change in just one base pair in a DNA molecule.

• A mutation that involves the loss or rearrangement of multiple base pairs in a DNA molecule.

• A mutation that involves a change in just one nucleotide in a DNA molecule.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the result of a point mutation in the gene that codes for one of the subunits of hemoglobin?

• The formation of hemoglobin fibers that can clog small blood vessels.

• The distortion of red blood cells into a rigid, sickle shape.

• The inability of hemoglobin to carry oxygen through the bloodstream.

• All of the above.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a silent mutation?

• A mutation that results in a change in the genetic information of a cell.

• A mutation that does not result in any change in the resulting protein.

• A mutation that causes a conformational change in a protein.

• A mutation that leads to the formation of hemoglobin fibers.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a missense mutation?

• A mutation that results in a change in the genetic information of a cell.

• A mutation that does not result in any change in the resulting protein.

• A mutation that causes a conformational change in a protein.

• A mutation that leads to the formation of hemoglobin fibers.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

What can be the impact of a missense mutation?

• It may have very little impact on the overall shape and behavior of the protein.

• It may render an enzyme unable to bind its substrate.

• It may prevent an enzyme from performing its intended function.

• All of the above.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a nonsense mutation?

• A mutation that results in a change in the genetic information of a cell.

• A mutation that does not result in any change in the resulting protein.

• A mutation that causes a conformational change in a protein.

• A mutation that causes the ribosome to stop translating the mRNA strand.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a frameshift mutation?

• A mutation that results in a change in the genetic information of a cell.

• A mutation that does not result in any change in the resulting protein.

• A mutation that causes a conformational change in a protein.

• A mutation that alters the reading frame of the genetic code.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is a spontaneous mutation?

• A mutation that occurs due to exposure to radiation.

• A mutation that occurs when the cellular machinery makes a mistake during replication.

• A mutation that occurs due to chemical mutagens.

• A mutation that occurs when a base pair is inserted or deleted from the DNA sequence.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the role of repair enzymes in DNA mismatch repair?

• They recognize and remove pyrimidine dimers caused by UV light.

• They recognize and replace mismatched bases during replication.

• They recognize and remove oxidized bases caused by chemical mutagens.

• They recognize and repair frameshift mutations.