Exam Review 4

1. Hermann Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables in his experiments with memory for which of the following reasons:

• To ensure that participants were not already familiar with the material.

• To create a more natural and ecologically valid memory task.

• To test the effect of emotions on memory.

• To observe the influence of social factors on memory.

"The tendency to be more confident than correct- to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments."

• Insight

• Heuristic

• Overconfidence

• 
  Framing

What are the two intuition shortcuts?

• representative heuristic: Judging the likely hood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent or match; may lead to ignoring other information

• Fluid intelligence: ability to reason speedily and abstractl

• Availability heuristic: judging the likely hood of events based on their availability in memory

• sematic memory: memory of facts and general knowledge

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model, the memory store considered the "working memory" responsible for active cognitive processing is:

• long-term memory
• sensory memory
• short-term memory
• implicit memory

The process of transferring information from long-term memory back into short-term memory is known as:

• encoding
• storage
• forgetting
• retrieval

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

• 1. Recalling your last family vacation

• Riding a bicycle
• Naming all the U.S. presidents

• Solving a crossword puzzle

Iconic memory and echoic memory are examples of:

• short-term memory
• long-term memory
• Procedural memory

• sensory memory

1. When you relate new information to your own life experiences or prior knowledge, you are engaging in:

• Deep processing

• Visual imagery

• Semantic encoding

• Shallow processing

1. When you recall your high school graduation day or your last birthday party, you are drawing upon your:

• 1. Procedural memory

• 1. Semantic memory

• 1. Episodic memory

• 1. Sensory memory

Which brain structure is known to play a central role in the formation of new explicit memories, such as episodic and semantic memories?

• cerebellum
• cortex

• basal ganglia

• hippocampus