O&E Review

Data for four animal populations in a wooded area were collected before and after a shopping mall was constructed near the area. The graph shows changes in the populations.

Which animal’s food sources most likely increased after the mall opened?

• Snakes, squirrels, and raccoons

• Squirrels only

• Snakes, squirrels, and deer

• Raccoons only

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The abalone is a type of sea snail. Adult abalones slowly crawl over rocks near the shore, while larvae float in the water.

Which organisms have a life cycle that is most like that of abalones?

• Humans

• Frogs

• Birds

• Snakes

Which statement correctly describes the transfer of energy in a food chain in this wetland?

• Energy is transferred from hawks to shrews to grasshoppers to marsh grasses.

• Energy is transferred from marsh grasses to crickets to frogs.

• Energy is transferred from grasshoppers to crickets to hawks.

• Energy is transferred from cattails to crickets to shrews to hawks.

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Some students are investigating the life cycle of the spotted salamander. They learn that these salamanders must live close to water and lay their eggs in water. After 20–60 days the eggs hatch as larvae that must stay in the water until they mature into adult salamanders. The students infer that the life cycle of the spotted salamander is similar to the life cycle of the frog because both animals —

• produce offspring that hatch from eggs and look like adults

• lay eggs in water, which hatch into larvae that live in water

• live near water and produce larvae with wings

• have long tails and strong jumping legs as adults

The nesting habits of birds are in the chart. If all the dead branches and dying trees in a wooded area are removed, which bird’s nesting habit would be most affected?

• Barn swallow

• Baltimore oriole

• Downy Woodpecker

• Belted kingfisher

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A family takes a group picture in a park where bluebonnets are blooming. The family notices that some of the blooms are white and others are blue.

 

The color of the blooms is most likely determined by —

• air temperature

• the age of the plant

• the types of consumers that eat the plant

• inheritance from parent plants

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A partial food web from the Texas Piney Woods is shown.

How many types of organisms in this food web obtain energy directly from producers?

• 2

• 3

• 4

• 5

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Aquatic plants have adaptations that help them live in water. For example, the structures needed for making food are located on the tops of floating plant leaves.

This adaptation helps the plants —

• absorb sunlight

• stay anchored

• avoid predators

• capture fish

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After a trip to an aquarium, some students compared the tail fin of sharks with the tail fin of bony fish. The students made a chart listing characteristics of each type of tail fin.

Based on this information, what is most likely an advantage of the bony fish tail fin over the shark tail fin?

• The bones in the tail fin help a bony fish sink to lower depths when searching for food.

• The flexible tail fin in fanned by the water, so a bony fish uses less energy to swim.

• It is easier for a bony fish to change direction quickly since muscles control the movement of the tail fin.

• The thin spines of the tail fin prevent a bony fish from being seen by larger predator fish.

An African savanna is a grassland with shrubs and a few small trees. It has warm temperatures all year long, a dry winter season, and a rainy summer season. Which group of animals is most likely supported by an African savanna?

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