Crash Course Euro #18

What is the Enlightenment?

• A period of political change in Europe

• A belief in supernatural forces

• A time of warfare and conflict

• A movement that emphasized rational investigation and challenged tradition

What were some of the everyday changes occurring during the Enlightenment?

• Increased abundance and novelty in European lives

• Shifts in how people perceived the world

• Introduction of new commodities like coffee and chocolate

• All of the above

Who was Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu?

• A jurist and writer who criticized outmoded ways of life

• A famous poet who wrote about the Lisbon earthquake

• A philosopher who promoted reason above religion

• A Scottish thinker who advocated for free trade

What did Voltaire criticize in his writings?

• Outmoded ways of life and overweening rulers

• The belief in God and religion

• The persecution of people for their religious beliefs

• All of the above

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau promote in his novel Emile?

• Education reform and practical skills

• Middle-class values like hard work and domesticity

• The importance of individual sentiments

• All of the above

What were Enlightenment salons?

• Regular get-togethers in wealthy women's homes to discuss ideas

• Fashion trends inspired by Rousseau and Voltaire

• Philosophers who influenced society through social media

• Institutions that promoted technical drawings of machinery

Who wrote the Encyclopedie?

• Denis Diderot

• Adam Smith

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Emmanuel Kant

What did Adam Smith advocate for in his book The Wealth of Nations?

• Manufacturing, division of labor, and free trade

• The importance of individual reason

• The abolition of slavery

• The healing of social policies

What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau believe about the state?

• The state embodied the best of the collective community

• Individuals should give the state unconditional obedience

• The state should represent the general will

• All of the above

What did Emmanuel Kant emphasize in his philosophy?

• The importance of individual reason

• The need for obedience to the general will

• The benefits of laissez-faire and free trade

• The healing of social policies