Human Chromosomes and Mutations

A frameshift mutation, such as the deletion shown below, usually produces

• a change in the structure of ribosomal RNA.
• different amino acids from that point on; more drastic change than a point mutation.
• a change in the appearance of a chromosome.
• an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.

In humans, curly hair is dominant to straight hair, and wavy hair is an intermediate texture. Which explanation most likely accounts for wavy hair?

• a mutation occurred, producing wavy hair
• a different set of genes resulted in wavy hair
• inheritance occurred through incomplete dominance
• inheritance occurred as a result of a gene from only one parent

The arctic hare shown below gives an example of how

• only genotypes impact phenotypes.
• dominant traits always show.
• the environment can influence gene expression.
• animals can choose to blend in when necessary.

In a certain breed of cattle, both red and white hairs show up together. This is an example of which type of inheritance pattern?

• Codominance
• Incomplete Dominance
• Dominance
• Multiple Alleles

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic mutation?

• production of genetic variability in a species
• production of proteins with new functions that enable an organism to adapt to changes in its environment
• production of larger and stronger organisms
• production of new proteins that disrupt normal biological activities

Chemical or physical agents in the environment that can cause mutations are called

• insertions.
• mutagens.
• inversions.
• transformations

Mutations that occur when one nucleotide base is changed to a different one are called

• insertions.
• deletions.
• frameshifts.
• substitutions.

The trait of freckles in the pedigree has two alleles: F (dominant) and f (recessive). The black symbols show the dominant phenotype, and the white symbols show the recessive phenotype. What is the genotype of individual number 1?

• FF
• Ff
• ff
• F

The total chromosome number of a human male is often written as

• 46,XX.
• 46,XY.
• 46,YY.
• 23,XY.

A set of photographs of person's genome (chromosomes grouped in order in pairs) is called a(an)

• karyotype.
• autosome.
• pedigree.
• genome.