What is a spontaneous reaction?

• A reaction that occurs quickly

• A reaction that requires energy input

• A reaction that occurs naturally without external intervention

• A reaction that produces a large amount of heat

What is a nonspontaneous reaction?

• A reaction that occurs quickly

• A reaction that requires energy input

• A reaction that occurs naturally without external intervention

• A reaction that produces a large amount of heat

Is liquid water freezing at a temperature below its freezing point a spontaneous or nonspontaneous process?

• Spontaneous

• Nonspontaneous

Is the combustion of gasoline a spontaneous or nonspontaneous process?

• Spontaneous

• Nonspontaneous

Is a raindrop falling to the ground a spontaneous or nonspontaneous process?

• Spontaneous

• Nonspontaneous

Is iron rusting in a moist atmosphere a spontaneous or nonspontaneous process?

• Spontaneous

• Nonspontaneous

What is the redistribution of matter and/or energy that accompanies the spontaneous deflation of a helium-filled balloon overnight as He atoms diffuse through the wall of the balloon?

• Matter is transferred from the balloon to the surroundings

• Energy is transferred from the balloon to the surroundings

• Matter is transferred from the surroundings to the balloon

• Energy is transferred from the surroundings to the balloon

Why do plastic materials tend to persist in the environment even though the oxidation of these plastics in air to form carbon dioxide and water is a spontaneous process?

• Plastic materials are not affected by oxidation

• The rate of oxidation is very slow

• Plastic materials are not exposed to air

• Plastic materials do not contain carbon and hydrogen

The 1st law of Thermodynamics

• Energy can not be created or destroyed. It just changes forms.

• Energy can only be created by the sun

• Some energy is lost to the environment.

How many Joules of energy are required to change 10 gram of liquid water from 20 C to 90 C?

• 1463 J

• 2926 J

• 29,260 J

• 14,630 J