2.7 DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation Quiz

What is the building block of proteins?

• Amino acid

• Anticodon

• Codon

• Nucleotide

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

What is the function of DNA polymerase?

• Catalyzes the elongation of new DNA during replication

• Unwinds the double helix during DNA replication

• Links together the growing chain of RNA during transcription

• Brings specific amino acids that match the codons in the mRNA

What is the order of bases in DNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins called?

• Genetic code

• Complementary base pairing

• Degenerate code

• Polymerase chain reaction

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the double helix during DNA replication?

• Helicase

• DNA polymerase

• RNA polymerase

• Taq DNA polymerase

What is the function of insulin?

• Lowers blood glucose levels by synthesizing glycogen

• Catalyzes the elongation of new DNA during replication

• Attaches to ribosomes and specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein

• Brings specific amino acids that match the codons in the mRNA

What is the technique for amplifying DNA in vitro called?

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

• Replication of DNA

• Transcription

• Translation

Answer explanation

The technique for amplifying DNA in vitro is called Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is a method used to make multiple copies of a specific DNA sequence. It is commonly used in molecular biology research and diagnostics. PCR allows scientists to amplify a small amount of DNA into a larger amount, making it easier to study and analyze. This technique is not the same as DNA replication, transcription, or translation. PCR is a powerful tool in various fields, including genetics, forensics, and medicine.

What is the function of ribosomes?

• Functions as the site of protein synthesis

• Catalyzes the elongation of new DNA during replication

• Unwinds the double helix during DNA replication

• Links together the growing chain of RNA during transcription

Answer explanation

The ribosomes function as the site of protein synthesis. They are responsible for linking together the growing chain of RNA during transcription. This process results in the production of proteins. The other options mentioned do not perform this specific function. The ribosomes play a crucial role in protein synthesis within the cell. They do not catalyze DNA elongation, unwind the double helix during DNA replication, or link DNA chains during transcription.

What is the process of making a copy of a DNA molecule called?

• Replication of DNA

• Transcription

• Translation

• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer explanation

The process of making a copy of a DNA molecule is called replication of DNA. Replication is the process by which DNA is synthesized to produce an identical copy of the original DNA molecule. It is a crucial step in cell division and ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. Replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle and involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix, followed by the synthesis of new complementary strands using the existing strands as templates. This ensures the accurate transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

What is the enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA during transcription?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Taq DNA polymerase

Answer explanation

The enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA during transcription is RNA polymerase. It is responsible for synthesizing RNA molecules from a DNA template. RNA polymerase plays a crucial role in the process of gene expression by transcribing the genetic information encoded in DNA into RNA. This enzyme ensures the accurate and efficient production of RNA molecules. The other options, DNA polymerase, helicase, and Taq DNA polymerase, are not involved in the transcription process. Therefore, the correct choice is RNA polymerase.

What is the type of RNA that attaches to ribosomes and specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein?

• Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• Transfer RNA (tRNA)

• Anticodon

• Nucleotide

Answer explanation

The question asks about the type of RNA that attaches to ribosomes and specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. The correct choice is Messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis. It acts as a messenger, conveying the instructions for protein synthesis. Other options like Transfer RNA (tRNA), Anticodon, and Nucleotide are not directly involved in specifying the sequence of amino acids in a protein.