Reform Movements in the 19th Century

According to the text, what were the key beliefs promoted by the Second Great Awakening?

• Emphasizing personal responsibility and individual agency in seeking salvation

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

How did preachers like Charles Finney contribute to the rejection of the belief in predetermination?

• By emphasizing personal responsibility and individual agency in seeking salvation

• By advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• By highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• By establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

What role did revivals play in awakening religious faith?

• Platforms for passionate preaching and prayer, awakening religious faith through emotional sermons and intense spiritual reflection

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

How did the Second Great Awakening impact the membership in churches?

• Significantly increased church membership, with an estimated 1 in 6 Americans belonging to a church by 1850

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

In what ways did the Second Great Awakening affect enslaved African Americans and free African Americans?

• Brought Christianity to enslaved African Americans, offering them a message of hope and freedom

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

What were the primary goals of the transcendentalist movement?

• Emphasizing living a simple life, finding truth in nature, personal emotions, and imagination, and promoting American ideals of optimism, freedom, and self-reliance

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

How did Henry David Thoreau put the concept of self-reliance into practice?

• By living alone in a cabin near Walden Pond for two years

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

What were the main beliefs and principles of the Unitarians?

• Emphasizing reason and appeals to conscience as the paths to perfection, attracting a wealthy and educated following, and believing in the gradual process of conversion

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

What were the common goals shared by most utopian communities?

• Self-sufficiency and creating a perfect place where individuals could lead fulfilling and simpler lives

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls

How did religious beliefs motivate the establishment of ideal communities like the Shakers?

• Believing in communal living, gender equality, non-violence, and celibacy

• Advocating for immediate emancipation without compensating slave owners

• Highlighting the negative effects of alcohol and advocating for its prohibition

• Establishing academically rigorous schools for girls