Islam

Why was the umma faced with a crisis after Muhammad's death?

• Muhammad had not chosen a successor

• Muhammad had not instructed his followers on how to choose a leader

• Both A and B

• None of the above

How did the umma settle the crisis?

• They chose a loyal friend of Muhammad as the first caliph

• They held a democratic election to choose the caliph

• They appointed a council of religious scholars to select the caliph

• They waited for divine guidance to choose the caliph

Who were the 'rightly guided caliphs' and why were they significant?

• They were the four leaders who attempted to follow Muhammad's example

• They were the first four caliphs chosen by divine intervention

• They were the leaders who successfully expanded the Islamic state

• They were the scholars who interpreted the teachings of the Qur'an

How did the term jihad evolve under Abu-Bakr?

• It remained the same, referring to an inner struggle against evil

• It became a term for armed struggle against non-believers

• It was no longer used in the Islamic community

• It was redefined as a peaceful coexistence with other religions

What about Muslim rule was unique for this time period?

• Forced conversion of conquered peoples

• Religious tolerance and freedom for Jews and Christians

• Persecution of non-Muslims

• Imposition of Islamic law on all subjects

Who were the Umayyads and how did they cause the Islamic state to split?

• They were the successors to Muhammad chosen by the umma

• They were a powerful Muslim family who took control of the Islamic state

• They were the leaders who successfully expanded the Islamic state

• They were the scholars who interpreted the teachings of the Qur'an

Who were the Sunni Muslims and what type of caliph did they want to rule?

• They were the majority group who wanted a caliph following Muhammad's example

• They were the minority group who wanted a caliph from Muhammad's direct lineage

• They were the group who called for the overthrow of the Umayyads

• They were the scholars who interpreted the teachings of the Qur'an

Who were the Shi'ite Muslims and what type of caliph did they want to rule?

• They were the majority group who wanted a caliph following Muhammad's example

• They were the minority group who wanted a caliph from Muhammad's direct lineage

• They were the group who called for the overthrow of the Umayyads

• They were the scholars who interpreted the teachings of the Qur'an

Who were the Sufi Muslims and what did they call for?

• They were the majority group who wanted a caliph following Muhammad's example

• They were the minority group who wanted a caliph from Muhammad's direct lineage

• They were the group who called for the overthrow of the Umayyads

• They were the scholars who interpreted the teachings of the Qur'an

Who were the Abbasids?

• They were the successors to Muhammad chosen by the umma

• They were a powerful Muslim family who took control of the Islamic state

• They were the leaders who successfully expanded the Islamic state

• They were the scholars who interpreted the teachings of the Qur'an