Religion, Secularization, and Global Cities

According to Haynes, how does religion relate to the ultimate conditions of existence?

• By involving the idea of transcendence

• By relating with sacredness and system of practice

• By concerning ultimacy

• By motivating individuals and groups to achieve political goals

Which theorist posited the three stages of society: theological, metaphysical, and positivist/scientific?

• Haynes

• Comte

• Weber

• Durkheim

According to Tschannen, what happens to religion as it becomes differentiated and autonomous from other institutions?

• It loses its power of social control and guidance

• It becomes privatized as a personalized religion

• It pervades across secular institutions

• It declines in practice

Which thesis argues that religion is supplanted by science?

• Disappearance of religion thesis

• Decline of religion thesis

• Privatization thesis

• Transformation thesis

According to Azzouzi, why does religion act as a resistance against the adverse effects of globalization?

• Because it promotes westernization, rationalism, consumerism, and liberalism

• Because it hybridizes with world cultures and religions

• Because it strengthens religious identities that cannot intermingle or hybridize

• Because it supports the liberal aspects of globalization

What does Amartya Sen criticize about Samuel Huntington's clash of civilizations thesis?

• The over-simplification of differences between the West and the rest

• The lack of recognition of heterogeneities within cultures

• The focus on Asian values as monolithic

• The disregard for the Western traditions of modernity and democracy

According to Saskia Sassen, what is a key characteristic of a global city?

• Presence of international financial services

• Existence of financial headquarters

• Domination of trade and economy of a large surrounding area

• All of the above

What does the Global Cities Index analyze?

• The current performance of cities based on 27 metrics

• The potential of cities based on 13 metrics

• The global reach and level of development of the world's largest cities

• The rate of change for 13 metrics across four dimensions

What are the fundamental hypotheses about global cities?

• The concentration of wealth in the hands of owners and professionals

• The growing disconnection between the city and its region

• The growth of a marginalized population

• All of the above

What does the modern global city funnel into the hands of a global elite?

• Global surpluses

• Global resources

• Global inequalities

• Global conflicts