CAMII DAY 17: Basic Shiphandling

_______ is the weight of cargo, fuel, stores, and passengers carried by a ship. The greater the _______, the deeper the ship will sit in the water, which will increase its turning circle and stopping distance. This is because a deeper ship has more wetted surface area, which increases frictional resistance. Additionally, a deeper ship will have a greater displacement, which means that it will take more energy to accelerate or decelerate.

• deadweight
• net weight
• gross weight
• live weight

_______ is the vertical distance from the waterline to the lowest point of the ship's hull. The deeper the _______, the greater the turning circle and stopping distance. This is because a deeper ship has more wetted surface area and displacement, as explained above. Additionally, a deeper ship is more likely to strike the bottom in shallow water, which can cause it to ground and come to a sudden stop.

• Draught

• Height
• Length
• Width

_______ has a significant effect on both turning circle and stopping distance. The higher the _______, the larger the turning circle and the longer the stopping distance. This is because a ship moving at a higher _______ has more momentum, which takes more energy to overcome. Additionally, a ship moving at a higher _______ will have more difficulty turning because the rudder will have less time to act on the water.

• Speed
• Color
• Size
• Weight

_______ is the vertical distance between the lowest point of the ship's hull and the seabed. The less _______, the larger the turning circle and the longer the stopping distance. This is because a ship with less _______ is more likely to strike the bottom, which can cause it to ground and come to a sudden stop. Additionally, a ship with less_______ will have more difficulty turning because the rudder will be closer to the bottom and will have less leverage.

• Air Draft

• Cargo Weight

• Under Keel Clearance

• Reserve Buoyancy

_______ is the difference in draught between the bow and stern of a ship. A ship is said to be trimmed by the bow if the bow is deeper than the stern, and trimmed by the stern if the stern is deeper than the bow. A ship that is trimmed by the stern will have a smaller turning circle than a ship that is trimmed by the bow. This is because the rudder is located at the stern of the ship, and a deeper stern will give the rudder more leverage. However, a ship that is trimmed by the stern will also have a longer stopping distance. This is because the trimmed-by-stern position will reduce the amount of wetted surface area at the bow, which will reduce the amount of braking force that can be generated.

• trim
• draught
• leverage
• turning circle

The effects of deadweight, draught, trim, speed, and under-keel clearance on turning circles and stopping distances should be considered when deciding on a safe speed in _______. A vessel should be operated at a speed that allows it to maneuver safely and avoid grounding. The vessel's speed should be reduced in _______ to account for the increased turning circle and stopping distance.

• navigable waters
• deep waters
• shallow waters
• open waters

Tell me why wind and current can have a significant effect on ship handling, particularly in confined waters or when maneuvering.

______ can cause a ship to drift sideways, known as leeway. The leeway angle is the angle between the ship's heading and its track through the water. The leeway angle is affected by the strength and direction of the _______, as well as the ship's speed and hull form.

_______can also affect the ship's turning circle. A ship will turn more slowly into the wind and more quickly downwind. This is because the wind pushes the ship's bow away from the direction in which it is turning when the ship is turning into the _______, and vice versa when the ship is turning downwind.

• Temperature
• Tides
• Wind
• Current

_______ can also cause a ship to drift sideways. The _______ drift angle is the angle between the ship's heading and its track through the water due to _______. The _______drift angle is affected by the strength and direction of the _______, as well as the ship's speed and heading.

_______can also affect the ship's speed over ground. The ship's speed over ground is the vector sum of the ship's speed through the water and the current speed. If the ship is heading in the same direction as the _______, its speed over ground will be increased. If the ship is heading in the opposite direction as the _______, its speed over ground will be decreased.

• Tide
• Wind
• Current
• Wave

_______ are used to mark the edges of channels, shoals, and other hazards.

• flags
• lights
• anchors
• buoys