Cuestionario sin título

Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?

• Empirical research supports the claim that removing the distractions of live testimony enhances the ability of jurors to detect mendacity.

• A number of formidable objections have been raised to legal scholar S. J. Brakel's theories about the shortcomings of videotaped testimony.

• Legal scholar S. J. Brakel's contention that witnesses who testify in court are less likely to perjure themselves has been thrown into doubt by recent research.

• Legal scholar S. J. Brakel's hypothesis about the response of jurors to videotaped testimony has been rejected by researchers who have studied the use of this technology.

• Critics of legal scholar S. J. Brakel have assembled evidence supporting the view that videotaped testimony is indistinguishable from live courtroom testimony.

It can be inferred from the passage that Brakel would be most likely to endorse which one of the following?

• The needed testimony of witnesses who live a great distance from the court is videotaped in their hometowns to save the time and large expense of flying them in to appear in court.

• A local court establishes a policy dictating that if any witness testifies via videotape in a particular case, then all witnesses must testify via videotape in that case.

• A local court establishes a policy whereby witnesses are given the choice of providing their testimony live in court or in the form of a written document.

• A witness in a case who is medically exempted from giving live testimony asks to provide the testimony via videotape rather than in writing because of the witness's skepticism about the adequacy of written testimony.

• A local court establishes a policy dictating that all witness testimony must be presented live in court unless there are sufficient medical reasons to excuse a witness from appearing personally.

The primary function of the second paragraph is to

• detail opposition to a claim outlined in the first paragraph

• illustrate the primary support for the argument outlined in the first paragraph

• acknowledge the strength of the argument outlined in the first paragraph

• align the author's stance with that of the opponents of the claims outlined in the first paragraph

• describe the recommendations of the opponents of the claims outlined in the first paragraph

It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage that some of Brakel's critics believe that the full range of cues associated with live testimony

• often causes witnesses to contradict themselves

• usually disguises the evidence of perjury when it does occur

• is often consciously exploited by witnesses to commit perjury

• often causes jurors to become complacent

• sometimes makes jurors apt to perceive a truthful witness as deceitful

Which one of the following would, if true, tend most to support the criticisms of Brakel's views in the passage?

• People are more likely to be sincere with those in their immediate presence than with those not in their immediate presence.

• People who are in a state of anxiety tend to be more cautious about what they say than are people who feel confident.

• People who feel intimidated by a situation are more likely to say what they think is expected of them than to say what they believe.

• Traumatic events can cause those who experience them to suppress the memory of the occurrence of these events.

• The prospect of performing in front of a camera causes heightened anxiety in many people.

The passage most strongly implies that the aspects of a witness's behavior that are crucial to a juror's ability to determine the veracity of testimony

• are to some extent the sort of thing that is capturable by videotape

• generally mislead jurors more often than they assist them

• are for the most part unique to the courtroom setting

• tend to make the testimony of witnesses more credible to a jury

• are much less evident in situations in which a witness is somewhat relaxed

The passage provides information most relevant to answering which one of the following questions?

• Which particular paralinguistic cues are regarded as indicating involuntary repression of information by witnesses?

• What sometimes prompts jurors to resort to stereotyping strategies?

• Is presentation of videotaped testimony a widespread practice at present?

• Why is the use of videotaped testimony regarded as an expedient way of presenting testimony?

• Is there empirical evidence supporting the view that witnesses sometimes forget relevant information under stress?

The author mentions the large amount of verbal and nonverbal information available in court in

lines 23–25

(“But in court, when a great deal of both verbal and nonverbal information is available, it may be difficult for jurors to assimilate it all.”)

primarily to

• reinforce the notion of Brakel's critics that videotaped witnesses are adequately aware of the penalties for perjury

• 
  identify the main support presented for the superiority of live testimony in relation to videotaped testimony

• suggest that the probability that witnesses will practice deceit is typically very high

• call into question an assumption that underlies Brakel's arguments concerning videotaped testimony

• imply that it may be impossible to know the range of cues used by jurors in detecting deceptive testimony