Resonance, Conjugation, and Hyperconjugation

How does resonance affect the stability of a molecule?

• Resonance only affects the physical properties of a molecule, not its stability.

• Resonance affects the stability of a molecule by distributing electron density and stabilizing the molecule.

• Resonance increases the instability of a molecule.

• Resonance has no effect on the stability of a molecule.

How do you determine the major resonance contributor?

• Evaluate the stability and minimize charges or formal charges.

• Select the structure with the most double bonds

• Choose the structure with the highest number of atoms

• Pick the structure with the highest molecular weight

What is a conjugated system?

• A conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with alternating single and multiple bonds.

• A conjugated system is a system of connected d-orbitals with alternating single and multiple bonds.

• A conjugated system is a system of connected s-orbitals with alternating single and multiple bonds.

• A conjugated system is a system of connected f-orbitals with alternating single and multiple bonds.

What is the difference between a localized and delocalized electron?

• A localized electron is found in the nucleus, while a delocalized electron is found in the electron cloud.

• A localized electron is positively charged, while a delocalized electron is negatively charged.

• A localized electron is involved in chemical bonding, while a delocalized electron is not.

• A localized electron is confined to a specific region, while a delocalized electron can move freely within a molecule or material.

What is the significance of delocalization of electrons in conjugated systems?

• Delocalization of electrons in conjugated systems decreases stability and reactivity.

• Delocalization of electrons in conjugated systems has no effect on stability and reactivity.

• Delocalization of electrons in conjugated systems increases stability and reactivity.

• Delocalization of electrons in conjugated systems only affects stability, not reactivity.

What are pi bonds?

• Metallic bonds formed by the delocalization of electrons in a metal lattice.

• Hydrogen bonds formed between hydrogen atoms and electronegative atoms.

• Ionic chemical bonds formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms.

• Covalent chemical bonds formed by the overlapping of atomic orbitals along the axis of the bonded atoms.

How are pi bonds formed?

• Hybridization of orbitals

• Overlap two perpendicular p orbital

• Sharing of electrons

• Formation of ionic bonds

What is the difference between sigma and pi bonds?

• Sigma bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the axis perpendicular to the bonding atoms, while pi bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the bonding axis.

• Sigma bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the axis between the bonding atoms, while pi bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals above and below the bonding axis.

• Sigma bonds are stronger than pi bonds.

• Sigma bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals above and below the bonding axis, while pi bonds are formed by the overlap of atomic orbitals along the bonding axis.

What is hyperconjugation?

• A destabilizing interaction between electrons in a sigma bond and an adjacent empty or partially filled p-orbital or a pi bond.

• A type of chemical reaction that involves the breaking and formation of covalent bonds.

• A process in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another to form ions.

• A stabilizing interaction between electrons in a sigma bond and an adjacent empty or partially filled p-orbital or a pi bond.

How does hyperconjugation stabilize a molecule?

• Hyperconjugation stabilizes a molecule by decreasing the electron density on the atoms involved.

• Hyperconjugation stabilizes a molecule by increasing the bond length between atoms.

• Hyperconjugation stabilizes a molecule by increasing the electron density on the atoms involved.

• Hyperconjugation stabilizes a molecule by delocalizing electron density.