Anthro 1300 Exam 2

Geoarcheology

• Application of concepts and methods of the geosciences to research

  look at strata, all the different natural layers

  
  

• sites physical structure produced by geological & cultural sediments into strata can help find relationships between each level and show how strata can be culturally destroyed

  
  

• experiments designed to determine correlations of ancient behavior

• refuse deposit resulting from human activities;

  food remains such as charred seeds, animal bone and shell, and discarded artifacts

  
  

Archaeology Midden

• technique used on ceramics and burned stone artifacts-- any mineral that   has been heated to more than 500 degrees celsius

• the study of how organisms become part of the fossil record

• refuse deposit resulting from human activities;

  food remains such as charred seeds, animal bone and shell, and discarded artifacts

  
  

• The study of plant pollen, spores, and other microscopic organisms

Master sequence

• sites physical structure produced by geological & cultural sediments into strata

  can help find relationships between each level and show how strata can be culturally destroyed

  
  

• part of tree-dating

• annual growth rings in trees assign ages to ancient wood samples

• application of concepts and methods of the geosciences to research

  look at strata, all the different natural layers

  
  

Law of Superposition

• seriated the entire Egyptian sequence beginning with the historical ceramics back into the pre-Dynastic Period

• pile of sedimentary rocks that have not been disturbed = each bed is older than the layers above and younger than the layer below

• when trees and other plant affect distribution of artifacts within a site

  can be bushes or heavy grass

  
  

• The study of plant pollen, spores, and other microscopic organisms

Principle of uniformitarianism

• the study of how organisms become part of the fossil record

• identify functions of tools by examining their surfaces and edges

  used on stone tools

  
  

• sites physical structure produced by geological & cultural sediments into strata

  can help find relationships between each level and show how strata can be culturally destroyed

  
  

• processes operating to modify the earth's surface now are the same from long ago

Krotovina

• a filled-in animal burrow

• refuse deposit resulting from human activities;

  food remains such as charred seeds, animal bone and shell, and discarded artifacts

  
  

• Relative: dates expressed relative to one another

  ex: for instance, earlier, later, more recent -- instead of absolute terms

  Absolute: specific units of measurement, such as days, years, centuries,  or millennia-absolute determinations attempting to pinpoint a discrete, known interval in time

• technique used on ceramics and burned stone artifacts-- any mineral that   has been heated to more than 500 degrees celsius

Diagnostic artifact

• refuse deposit resulting from human activities;

  food remains such as charred seeds, animal bone and shell, and discarded artifacts

  
  

• objects found in same layer = all from the same time

  
  

• an item that is indicative of a particular time and/or culture group.

• the study of contemporary peoples to determine how human behavior is translated into the archaeological record

  
  

Use-wear analysis

• pile of sedimentary rocks that have not been disturbed = each bed is older than the layers above and younger than the layer below

• identify functions of tools by examining their surfaces and edges

  used on stone tools

  
  

• Marker: the 3 types of sediment

  Diagnostic: artifacts that can be used as index fossils in a cultural context

  
  

• experiments designed to determine correlations of ancient behavior

  
  

• Experimental archaeology

• experiments designed to determine correlations of ancient behavior

  
  

• the study of how organisms become part of the fossil record

  
  

• identify functions of tools by examining their surfaces and edges

  used on stone tools

  
  

• objects found in same layer = all from the same time

  
  

Oscar montelius

• seriated the entire Egyptian sequence beginning with the historical ceramics back into the pre-Dynastic Period

  
  

• objects found in same layer = all from the same time

  
  

• seriated the entire Egyptian sequence beginning with the historical ceramics back into the pre-Dynastic Period

  
  

• Father of archaeological seriation