a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

• automatic processing

• mental set

• recognition

• grammar

the process of getting information out of storage

• retrieval

• cognition

• heuristic

• misinformation effect

processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions

• parallel processing

• algorithm

• explicit memory

• mental set

activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits of a phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten

• cognition

• long-term memory

• short-term memory

• retroactive interference

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

• testing effect

• long-term memory

• sensory memory

• creativity

retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare."

• retrieval

• cognition

• belief perseverance

• explicit memory

retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

• anterograde amnesia

• algorithm

• implicit memory

• explicit memory

a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds

• proactive interference

• echoic memory

• iconic memory

• working memory

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

• chunking

• aphasia

• framing

• insight

encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

• availability heuristic

• reconsolidation

• shallow processing

• deep processing