Enlightenment and Social Change (CCEH #18)

What is the Enlightenment?

• A movement that emphasized rational investigation

• A series of military conflicts

• A time of religious revival

• A period of political change in Europe

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4.A.9-12.3 ACADEMIC VOCAB

What were some of the everyday changes occurring during the Enlightenment?

• A shift towards traditional values

• A decline in trade and manufacturing

• A decrease in available calories due to famine

• Increased abundance and novelty in European lives

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What was the purpose of Montesque's writings?

• To promote the idea of absolute monarchy
• To study the history of political systems
• To advocate for the separation of powers
• To criticize and make fun of outmoded ways of life

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What did Voltaire criticize in his writings?

• The benefits of absolute monarchy

• The importance of religion in society

• The Enlightenment movement itself

• The corruption of aritocrats

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What did Jean-Jacques Rousseau promote in his novel Emile?

• The benefits of living in a city or palace

• The importance of classical education

• The value of hard work and practical skills

• The need for a hierarchical social order

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What were Enlightenment salons?

• Regular gatherings in wealthy homes to discuss the latest ideas

• Religious ceremonies held in churches

• Political meetings to plan revolutions

• Art exhibitions showcasing Enlightenment artwork

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4.A.9-12.3 ACADEMIC VOCAB

Who wrote the Encyclopedia and what topics did it cover?

• Emmanuel Kant; the nature of the human mind

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau; the importance of individual reason

• Adam Smith; the benefits of free trade

• Denis Diderot; natural rights, the status of women, techniacl drawings, etc.

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What did Adam Smith advocate for in his book The Wealth of Nations?

• The importance of stockpiling gold and restricting trade

• The need for absolute obedience to the state

• The benefits of subsistence agriculture and serfdom

• The division of labor, manufacturing, and free trade

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What did Emmanuel Kant emphasize in his philosophy?

• The benefits of a hierarchical social order

• The need for blind obedience to authority

• The importance of individual reason and thinking for oneself

• The existence of God and religious faith

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Who were the Diests?

• The Diests were a group of religious extremists who believed in a strict interpretation of the Bible.
• The Diests were a political party that advocated for the separation of church and state.
• The Deists were a group of Enlightenment thinkers who believed in a rational and naturalistic understanding of God and the universe.
• The Diests were a secret society that worshipped ancient Egyptian gods.

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4.A.9-12.3 ACADEMIC VOCAB