Norwich Living Environment Half Year Regents

Which two body systems provide humans with

the raw materials necessary for their cells to

release energy?

• muscular and skeletal

• endocrine and nervous

• digestive and respiratory

• reproductive and circulatory

An example of an activity that best contributes to

maintaining homeostasis in an organism is a

• bear eating fish from a polluted stream

• deer losing its fur at the start of winter

• person not sweating on a 100°F day

• response to a chickenpox vaccination

Equine cloning can be used to produce

performance horses. Although the horses are

clones of each other, they may still exhibit slight

differences in appearance. The differences in the physical characteristics of the cloned horses are most likely the result of

• environmental influences

• natural selection

• sexual reproduction

• changes in gametes

CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful system that bacteria use to cut and remove DNA from invading

viruses. Using CRISPR/Cas9, researchers have successfully corrected a disease-causing mutation for muscular dystrophy in laboratory mice. Correcting the harmful mutation using CRISPR/Cas9 is an example of

• biological evolution

• cloning techniques

• genetic engineering

• selective breeding

Cells possess structures that perform specific jobs. Which statement correctly pairs a cell structure with a function it performs in the cells?

• The cell membrane synthesizes proteins for

  cell processes.

• The mitochondria provide energy for cell

  processes.

• Ribosomes regulate which materials enter

  and leave the cell.

• Vacuoles transfer genetic information from

  one cell to another.

Scientists turned a specialized stomach cell from a mouse into a skin cell by activating a specific gene responsible for the production of skin cells. Which claim can be made, based on this evidence?

• Stomach cells have the genetic information

  to form other types of cells.

• Skin and stomach cells produce identical

  proteins.

• Stomach cells receive half their genetic

  information from each parent.

• Skin and stomach cells have completely

  different genes.

New York State is home to animals such asthe Eastern chipmunk. Individuals within this species are not genetically identical. This variability is primarily the result of

• asexual reproduction and mutation

• mitosis and selective breeding

• meiosis and recombination

• sexual reproduction and cloning

Cell membranes inside the cells that line the stomach pump hydrogen ions from areas of low concentration inside the cells to areas of higher concentration outside the cells. Which activity produces the ATP that makes this pumping possible?

• cellular respiration

• active transport

• carbohydrate digestion

• enzyme synthesis

Tasmanian devils are predators found on the Tasman Peninsula of Australia. Their numbers were greatly reduced after two forms of contagious cancer appeared in the population. Scientists have found an effective cancer vaccine that has saved a number of adult Tasmanian devils. The beneficial effect of the vaccine will not be passed on to the Tasmanian devils’ offspring because the

• vaccine contained only a small amount of the

  cancer

• cancer can mutate, and the vaccine would

  then be ineffective

• cancer caused the body of the adults to

  produce antigens against it

• vaccine did not produce a change in the sex

  cells of the adults

Usually, snakes reproduce sexually. However, some female copperhead snakes sometimes produce offspring asexually without sperm from a male. Compared with snakes formed by sexual reproduction, the offspring of these asexually reproducing snakes

• have more genetic variation

• have limited genetic variation

• contain more DNA than the parent

• grow larger than the parent