Topic 10 Test - Honors

Match the following

• Galileo Galilei

• Italian astronomer who was condemned by the Catholic church for challenging its teachings about the universe.

• Thomas More

• English statesman and author of Utopia who was executed for opposing the Act of Supremacy.

• Henry VIII

• English monarch who broke from the Catholic church and formed the Church of England.

• Martin Luther

• German monk who triggered the start of the Protestant Reformation.

• John Calvin

• French theologian who formed his own church around the idea of a theocracy.

Match the following

• Robert Boyle

• English philosopher who stressed using experimentation and observation to gain understanding.

• Tycho Brahe

• English chemist who explained that matter is composed of particles that behave in knowable ways.

• Johannes Kepler

• French philosopher who emphasized using human reasoning to gain understanding.

• Francis Bacon

• Danish astronomer who provided evidence for the heliocentric model.

• René Descartes

• German astronomer and mathematician who calculated the orbits of the planets.

Match the following

• Johannes Gutenberg

• Polish scholar who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.

• Nicolaus Copernicus

• English polymath who invented calculus and discovered the force of gravity.

• Ignatius of Loyola

• German inventor of the printing press.

• Isaac Newton

• English playwright who authored 37 plays expressing Renaissance ideas.

• William Shakespeare

• Spanish priest who founded the Jesuits in defense of the Catholic faith.

Which new idea used by Renaissance artists is demonstrated by Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo?

• use of the vernacular

• use of Gothic style

• use of realism

• use of religious themes

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of Machiavelli’s The Prince?

• A successful ruler must be observant and practical rather than idealistic.

• A successful ruler must be idealistic to overcome his opponents.

• A successful ruler must consult his teachers to make decisions.

• A successful ruler knows that his enemies will defer to him.

What was the most immediate effect of the printing press?

• It allowed Protestant sects to increase their influence by publishing books in the vernacular instead of in Latin.

• It enabled the number of people who could read and write to grow faster than the increase in books.

• It produced more Bibles to enable the Catholic Church to maintain its hold on European Christians.

• It greatly increased the number of books available in Europe from a few thousand to millions.

Which statement best summarizes the factors that caused the Protestant Reformation?

• Granting indulgences for money made the Church wealthy.

• The Church was charging too much money for services.

• A political struggle developed between the Church and princes.

• Reformers argued that there was widespread corruption in the Church.

The scientific method was based on the idea that

• the scientific theories of the ancients were correct.

• scientific laws governed natural processes.

• the truth could come only through investigation.

• mathematics was the key to learning scientific truths.

On what issue did Martin Luther and John Calvin differ most profoundly?

• church organization

• how salvation is achieved

• acceptance or rejection of sacraments

• importance of the Bible as a source of religious truth

Which of the following was a result of the Protestant Reformation?

• The Roman Catholic Church rejected all reform efforts.

• The Roman Catholic Church finally ended the Inquisition.

• Protestantism swept across southern Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain.

• Protestantism took hold across northern Europe, dividing Christianity.