Culture and Identity terms quiz

What is meant by the term essentialist identity?

• It is a postmodern identity

• It is something you choose

• It is based on fixed characteristics like nation, race and country of origin

• It is a product of your socialisation

What is meant by the term otherization?

• This means labelling another group usually based on negative generalisations, as different from the main group,

• This means seeing others as the same as you and labelling them positively.

• This means identities are interchangeable

• This means to make another group seem exciting and interesting.

What is meant by Holliday's term "small culture"?

• Ethnic group or country a person is from

• A small novel or theater production

• Specific subcultural group.

• Any small cohesive group, ignoring wider specific groups

What did Holliday mean by the criticism that Hofstede's theory of cultural dimensions is reductionist?

• It reduces people to one type of cultural dimension, so ignores the other cultural dimensions

• It oversimplifies groups of people to national stereotypes, which can lead to otherization and negative labelling.

• It leads to positive stereotypes which can help people to plan positive cultural marketing campaigns.

• It ignores small cultural groupings.

What is stereotype threat?

• The fear of other groups that you know little about

• The fear of being stereotyped positively which can lead you to do badly in tests

• The fear of confirming a negative stereotype related to ethnicity or gender, which leads to stress and then worse performance in a test or task.

• The fear that others might stereotype you if they see you doing badly in a test

What is the meaning of prejudice and discrimination?

• Discrimination is unfair treatment of a group or individuals based on stereotypes.

• Prejudice can be different types of attitudes which are not affected by stereotypes about groups.

• Prejudice is negative attitudes towards an individual or groups, usually based on stereotypes.

• Discrimination is behaviour towards groups which is fair and equitable.

What was William's social definition of culture?

• Culture is the best in thought and taste that can be expressed

• Culture is the canon of knowledge of facts and information that everyone needs to know in order to succeed in society

• culture is the description of a particular way of life, which expresses certain meanings and values not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinary behaviour.

• Culture is high culture, like opera and elite sports as favoured by those in the ruling class.