8th Grade Final Benchmark

This is an excerpt from an act passed by Parliament in 1660.

...no goods or commodities whatsoever shall be imported into or exported out of any lands, islands, plantations, or territories to his Majesty belonging or in his possession, or which may hereafter belong unto or be in the possession of his Majesty, his heirs, and successors, in Asia, Africa, or America, in any other ship or ships, vessel or vessels whatsoever, but in such ships or vessels as do truly and without fraud belong only to the people of England... and whereof the master and three fourths of the mariners at least are English....

Which statement best explains why Parliament passed this act?

• Parliament wanted to ensure that Great Britain’s trade practices benefited all of Europe.

• Parliament wanted to ensure that the colonies were able to keep the majority of the revenue they generated.

• Parliament wanted to ensure that goods were transported in the most efficient way possible.

• Parliament wanted to ensure that the wealth generated in the colonies only benefited Great Britain.

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8.12

Why did Thomas Paine write and publish the pamphlet Common Sense?

• to persuade American colonists to stop rebelling against Great Britain

• to convince Parliament to stop taxing the American colonists

• to convince American colonists to support independence from Great Britain

• to persuade Parliament to give American colonists more representation

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8.16

This is an excerpt from the Mayflower Compact of 1620.

...[we] solemnly and mutually in the presence of God and one another, [promise] and combine ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most [necessary] and convenient for the general good of the colony.

Which idea is best supported by this excerpt?

• The colonists were committed to establishing a settlement that honored the British monarchy.

• The colonists intended to work together to govern themselves.

• The colonists fought about how to solve their legal issues.

• The colonists disagreed whether to follow the established laws of Great Britain.

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8.02

Which shortcoming was considered a major struggle of the Continental Army?

• lack of necessary supplies

• lack of motivation to fight

• lack of familiarity with the land

• lack of skilled military officers

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8.20

What was the main purpose of the Proclamation Line of 1763?

• to prevent colonists from working together to establish their own government

• to require colonists to allow British soldiers to stay in their homes

• to force colonists to participate in the French and Indian War

• to prevent colonists from getting into conflicts west of the Appalachian Mountains

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8.13

This map shows the percentage of enslaved people as part of the populations of the largest colonies in 1750.

Which map best supports which conclusion?

• The use of enslaved labor was unique to the southern colonies.

• Enslaved labor was used by all colonies at the same rates and in the same ways.

• Northern ports were the most common place of entry for enslaved people.

• Colonies that depended on cash crop farming had higher populations of enslaved people.

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8.08

8.10

Which statement describes James Oglethorpe’s role in the founding of the colony of Georgia?

• He requested a land grant to establish an area to bring debtors from British prisons.

• He purchased the land from the king to start a tobacco plantation.

• He led a successful battle against indigenous groups to win the land.

• He was given the land by Spain as payment for negotiating a peace treaty.

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8.07

This is an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence.

He requested a land grant to establish an area to bring debtors from British prisons.

He purchased the land from the king to start a tobacco plantation.

He led a successful battle against indigenous groups to win the land.

He was given the land by Spain as payment for negotiating a peace treaty.

That these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the state of Great Britain, is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as free and independent states, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do.

Which historical impact have these words had on political changes throughout the world?

• Large nations have shifted their focuses to creating colonial empires.

• Oppressed people have been inspired to fight to control their own political situations.

• Many monarchs have been inspired to give up their colonial holdings voluntarily.

• Government leaders have stirred up conflict in order to increase their wealth.

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8.18

As the southern colonies grew, why did the use of enslaved labor develop as a common practice? Select two that apply.

• Subsistence farmers needed help to harvest their crops.

• Skilled workers were needed to work in textile factories.

• Wealthy farmers wanted to maximize their profits.

• Cash crop farming needed a large labor force.

• Specialty jobs such as doctors and ministers were in high demand.

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8.10

8.08

What was Benjamin Franklin’s primary purpose for drawing this cartoon?

• to assert the ideals of the Enlightenment

• to encourage the passage of the Townshend Acts

• to promote independence from Great Britain

• to support the work of the Albany Congress

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8.14