Psychology Chapter 12, Quiz 1

Rianna is taking an important test, and she wants to be sure that no one can blame her failure on her lack of ability. Which of the following techniques might she use to avoid that possibility?

• Self-handicapping

• The correspondence bias

• Cognitive dissonance

• Learned helplessness

• Self-perception

Which of the following shows the order of needs in Maslow's pyramid, from first (lowest) to last (highest)?

• Love and belongingness — physiological and safety needs — esteem — self-actualization

• physiological and safety needs → esteem → love and belongingness → self-actualization

• self-actualization → esteem → love and belongingness → physiological and safety

• self-actualization → love and belongingness → esteem → physiological and safety

• physiological and safety needs → love and belongingness → esteem → self-actualization

The experiment in which the infant monkeys preferred a cloth surrogate mother helped to disprove the drive-reduction theory of motivation because it showed that

• instinct motivated the monkeys.

• positive incentives motivated the monkeys.

• external rewards motivated the monkeys.

• psychological, not just physiological needs, motivated the monkeys

Which of the following is an example of extrinsic motivation?

• You study physics every night because you feel you should.

• You study physics every night because you find it interesting.

• You study physics every night because you want to win a science competition.

• You study physics every night because of your future aspirations.

??? is the reason why you get hungry when the amount of glucose in your blood drops.

• Homeostasis

• The ventromedial hypothalamus

• Your set-point

• The instinct theory

Which of the following statements corresponds to a fear of failure?

• "I'm too busy to go to the party."

• "I'm not going to apply for the scholarship because my grade point average doesn't meet its requirements."

• "I'm not going to try out for the gymnastics team because I wouldn't make it any how."

• "I'm too scared to ride the roller coaster!"

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that

• self-actualization needs are at the top of the hierarchy, and therefore satisfied first.

• psychological needs, required for the realization of one's unique potential, are the second level.

• fundamental needs include the needs to love and be loved.

• people seek to satisfy the needs of the second level only after their fundamental needs are met.

Critics argue against the James-Lange theory with all the following arguments EXCEPT

• Some emotions, such as anger or fear, are not necessarily associated with physiological reactions.

• Physiological reactions form the basis for labeling and experiencing emotions.

• Complex emotions, such as love or jealousy, require interpretation and thought on our part.

• The theory does not consider our own cognitive influences on emotions.

The ??? theory states that physical changes and thinking work together to produce emotions.

• Cognitive

• Cannon-Bard

• physiological

• James-Lange

When you're thirsty, drinking water will reduce

• Achievement motivation

• An instinct

• A drive

• Extrinsic motivation

• Homeostasis