Industrial Revolution Part 2

Adam Smith criticized tariffs because he disapproved of

• the pursuit of wealth
• the regulation of commerce and industry by the government
• competition between local markets
• competition between national and foreign companies

Laws called “factory acts” were passed in the early 1800s to

• provide free education for working children.
• provide the right to vote for working-class men.
• allow workers to organize into unions.
• reform child labor.

All of the following are true about the EARLY labor movement EXCEPT

• governments supported labor unions by passing laws that shortened the work day and upheld the right to strike.
• members of labor unions were fired from their jobs and found it difficult to find new employment.
• competition in the labor market enabled employers to easily replace workers.
• skilled trade unions faired much better than unions that included unskilled workers

Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?

• the overall poverty of the working class
• a general decline in the standard of living
• a general rise in the standard of living
• an overall decline in population

According to Adam Smith, a free market economy works best when it is driven by

• government rules
• large corporations
• competition
• labor unions

According to Karl Marx, the final stage of human history will be a classless society, which he called

• communism
• socialism
• the dictatorship of the workers
• utilitarianism

Thomas Malthus, who was alarmed about rapid population growth, predicted which of the following?

• resources and food would become scarce, causing disease and famine.
• cities would adapt to growing populations by improving sanitary conditions.
• inventions would help raise the standard of living.
• the government would regulate child labor.

Which innovation helped to make cities safer?

• Automobile
• light bulb
• phonograph
• airplane

According to socialists, the solution to poverty and injustice was

• armed revolution to overthrow the proletariat.
• individual ownership of the means of production.
• shared ownership by the people of the means of production.
• the charity and good works of the religious community.

Jeremy Bentham, a Utilitarian (Utilitarian Philosophy) reformer, believed that

• government should play no role in the economy.
• laws should be judged by whether they bring more pleasure than pain.
• poverty was inevitable, in spite of wage increases for the working class.
• the government should make all decisions for the economy.