What is the purpose of a literature review in research?

• To summarize the research findings

• To provide a theoretical framework

• To critique the methodology

• All of the above

In a survey, if the sample is not representative of the population, it may lead to issues with:

• Internal validity

• External validity

• Construct validity

• Face validity

What does the term "random sampling" mean in research?

• Selecting participants without any specific criteria

• Selecting every nth participant from a list

• Selecting participants based on convenience

• Selecting participants based on their characteristics

Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

• Range

• Variance

• Median

• Standard deviation

What is the purpose of a control group in an experimental study?

• To receive the experimental treatment

• To serve as a comparison for the experimental group

• To ensure random assignment

• To provide statistical control

If a researcher wants to study the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables, which type of research design is most appropriate?

• Descriptive research

• Correlational research

• Experimental research

• Cross-sectional research

What is the main purpose of statistical analysis in research?

• To describe the sample characteristics

• To make predictions about future events

• To draw conclusions about the population from the sample

• To summarize the research findings

Which of the following is a qualitative data collection method?

• Surveys

• Experiments

• Observations

• Meta-analysis

What is the significance level (alpha) commonly set at in hypothesis testing?

• 0.01

• 0.05

• 0.10

• 1.00

What is the primary purpose of a research hypothesis?

• To prove the researcher's opinion

• To guide the data analysis process

• To reject the null hypothesis

• To make predictions about the future