Reading check 4 HBS

Who are some of the main representatives of the Frankfurt School Critical Theory?

• Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Pierre Bourdieu

  
  

• Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Maurice Merleau-Ponty

  
  

• Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse

  
  

• Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky

What kind of society does Habermas envision as ideal?

• A society with domination-free communication

  
  

• A society with mass culture and capitalism

  
  

• A society with quantitative over qualitative

  
  

• A society with instrumental reason

  
  

What did the Frankfurt School Critical Theory criticize about historical materialism?

• Its passivity

  
  

• Its economic determinism

  
  

• Its lack of reasonableness

  
  

• Its focus on culture

  
  

What is the basis of structuralism according to Lévi-Strauss?

• The need for material possessions

• The need for individualism

  
  

• The need to classify and maintain order

  
  

• The need to conquer nature

  
  

What did Lévi-Strauss propose as a methodological means of discovering rules in culture?

• Ignoring cultural elements

  
  

• Identifying binary oppositions

  
  

• Focusing on individualism

  
  

• Creating new cultural elements

What did Lévi-Strauss analyze to discover ordered patterns or structures in culture?

• Scientific advancements

  
  

• Languages, myths, and kinship systems

  
  

• Economic systems

  
  

• Political ideologies

What is the butterfly effect in chaos theory?

• It is the ability of a system to adapt to new situations to ensure survival

  
  

• A slight change in the starting point can lead to a very different result

  
  

• It represents a state in which a system eventually stabilizes

  
  

• A dynamic type of balance that represents a kind of path over which a system changes from one situation to another without having to settle

  
  

What does an attractor represent in chaos theory?

• The ability of a system to adapt to new situations to ensure survival

  
  

• A dynamic type of balance that represents a kind of path over which a system changes from one situation to another without having to settle

  
  

• Balance inside the system, representing a state in which a system eventually stabilizes

  
  

• A slight change in the starting point can lead to a very different result

  
  

Who is an American theoretical biologist and complex systems’ researcher known for studying the origins of life on Earth?

• Stuart Kauffman

• Kiel and Elliot

  
  

• Murray Gell-Mann

• Phillip Anderson

  
  

What characterizes the complexity of a system?

• The ability to adapt the way in which the system adjusts to new situations to ensure the survival

  
  

• A great number of elements or similar agents, but independent

  
  

• Persistent movement, and the answers of these elements to other agents

  
  

• Self-management, in which the order on the system shows spontaneously