ENGLISH Quiz

The six programs represented here report that word of mouth is by far their most effective recruitment tool, particularly because it typically yields candidates who are similar to previously successful candidates. Moreover, satisfied candidates and school systems are likely to ​ (a)   the word without any special​ (b)   on the part of their program. Other, less personal advertising approaches, such as radio and television spots and local newspaper advertisements, have also proven fruitful, ​ (c)   for newer programs. New York uses a print advertising campaign to inspire dissatisfied professionals to become teachers. Subway posters send provocative ​ (d)   to burned-out or disillusioned professionals. "Tired of diminishing returns? Invest in NYC kids" was just one of many Madison Avenue-inspired invitations. News coverage has also proven to be a ​ (e)   to alternative programs. When the New York Times, for example, ran a story about the district's alternative route program, 2,100 applications flooded in over the next six weeks.

• spread
• effort
• especially
• messages
• boon

A bonus of dendrochronology is that the width and substructure of each ring ​ (a)   the amount of rain and the ​ (b)   at which the rain fell during that particular year. Thus, tree ring studies also allow one to reconstruct ​ (c)   climate; e.g., a ​series of wide rings means a wet period, and a​ (d)   of narrow rings means a ​ (e)  

• reflect
• season
• drought .
• past
• series

Thus the environmental policy does not contribute to the profitability in any real sense at all. In practice it is companies that are well organized and efficient, or that are already comfortably profitable, that have time to ​ (a)   and police environmental policies. However, if profitable companies are the ones most likely to establish 'environmental best ​ (b)   ' this is confusing cause with effect. It is not that environmental best practice causes profitability, but that being profitable allows for ​ (c)   for the environment.

• establish
• practice
• concern

Since the beginning of the financial crisis, there have been two principal ​ (a)   for why so many banks made such disastrous decisions. The first is structural. Regulators did not regulate. Institutions failed to ​ (b)   as they should. Rules and guidelines were either inadequate or ignored. The second explanation is that Wall Street was ​ (c)   , that the traders and investors didn't know enough, that they made extravagant bets without​ (d)   the consequences.

• explanations
• function
• incompetent
• understanding

Crime prevention has a long history in Australia, and in other parts of the world. In all societies, people have tried to ​ (a)   themselves and those close to them from assaults and other abuses. Every time someone locks the door to their house or their car, they practice ​ (b)   prevention. Most parents want their children to learn to be law abiding and not spend extended periods of their lives in prison. In this country, at least, most ​ (c)   . Only a small minority of young people become recidivist offenders. In a functioning society, crime prevention is part of everyday life. While prevention can be all-pervasive at the grassroots,​ (d)   is oddly neglected in mass media and political discourses. When politicians, talkback radio hosts and newspaper editorialists pontificate about crime and ​ (e)   remedies,​ it is

comparatively rare for them to mention prevention. Overwhelmingly, emphasis is on policing, sentencing and other 'law and order' responses.

• protect
• a form of
• succeed
• possible
• it

International trade allows countries to expand their markets and access goods and services that ​ (a)   may not have been available domestically. As a ​ (b)   of international trade, the market is more efficient. This ultimately leads to more competitive pricing and brings ​ (c)   products to consumers.

• otherwise
• result
• cheaper

Steven Pinker, a cognitive psychologist best known for his book "The Language Instinct",​ (a)   music "auditory cheesecake, an exquisite confection crafted to tickle the sensitive spots of at least six of our mental faculties." If it vanished from our species, he said, "the rest of our lifestyle would be ​ (b)   unchanged." Others have argued that, on the ​ (c)   , music, along with art and literature, is part of what makes people human; its absence would have a brutalizing effect. Philip Ball, a British science writer and an ​ (d)   music enthusiast, comes down somewhere in the middle. He says that music is ​ (e)   in our auditory, cognitive and motor functions. We have a music instinct as much as a language instinct, and could not rid ourselves of it if we tried.

• hascalled
• contrary
• virtually
• avid
• ingrained

"The Plains Indians were people who did not like to live in one place. They liked to travel around and moved camps ​ (a)   three times a year. For this reason they lived in tepees. These were​ (b)   big tents

and were easy to put up and take down. These tepees were transported by horses." "Inside the tepee you would find all the items that people needed to live with. The Plains Indians would decorate the insides with pictures, and store their weapons and food. The Indians would also have a fire ​ (c)   of the tepee to cook the food. The Sioux people​ (d)   put buffalo skins on the floor to use as carpets. You would also find their beds." "In the Indian camp everyone had a job to do. The men had to hunt for food, and keep the families safe. The women had to cook all the meals, make the clothes,

look ​ (e)   the children and whenever the camp moved they had to take down and put up the tepees."

• at least
• like
• in the middle
• used to
• after

Fascination with this material stems from its remarkable physical properties and the potential applications these properties offer for the future. ​ (a)   scientists knew one atom thick, two- dimensional crystal graphene existed, no-one ​ (b)   out how to extract it from graphite. That was until it was isolated in 2004 by two researchers at The University of Manchester, Professor Andre Geim and Professor Kostya Novoselov. This is the story of how that stunning scientific feat came about and why Andre and Kostya won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering work. Andre and Kostya frequently held 'Friday night experiments' - sessions where they would try out experimental science that wasn’t ​ (c)   linked to their day jobs.

• Although
• had worked
• necessarily

The Dag Hammarskjold Library at United Nations Headquarters in New York is a library designated to facilitate the work of the United Nations and ​ (a)   mainly on the needs of the UN Secretariat and diplomatic missions. Anyone with a valid United Nations Headquarters grounds​ (b)   , including specialized agencies, accredited media and NGO staff, is able to visit the library. Due
to ​ (c)   constraints in place at the United Nations Headquarters complex, the library is not open to the general ​ (d)   .

• public
• pass
• focuses
• security