INDIAN MATHEMATICS & MATHEMATICIANS

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What is the earliest known period in India when mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, fractions, squares, cubes, and roots were documented?

• 5th Century CE
• 3rd Century CE
• 8th Century BCE
• 2nd Millennium BCE

Which Indian mathematician is credited with explaining the operation of division by zero and representing it as 1 ÷ 0 = ∞?

• Aryabhata
• Brahmagupta
• Bhaskara II
• Madhava of Sangamagrama

What concept did Brahmagupta establish for the first time in mathematics, allowing zero to be used as a number in calculations?

• Negative numbers
• Zero as a placeholder
• Zero as a concept
• Decimal notation

What is the value of π (pi) estimated by Aryabhata, correct to four decimal places?

• 3.1415
• 3.1416
• 3.142
• 3.14

Which ancient Indian text contains the roots of modern trigonometry, including the first use of sines, cosines, inverse sines, tangents, and secants?

• Sulba Sutras
• Surya Siddhanta
• Bhaskara's Treatise on Trigonometry
• Aryabhatiya

Which Indian mathematician provided categorical definitions of sine, cosine, versine, and inverse sine, along with complete sine and versine tables?

• Aryabhata
• Bhaskara II
• Madhava of Sangamagrama
• Brahmagupta

What type of numbers did Jain mathematicians recognize, including "infinite in one direction" and "infinite everywhere"?

• Countable and uncountable
• Prime and composite
• Rational and irrational
• Real and imaginary

What is the earliest known usage of a circle character as the number zero?

• 9th Century CE
• 7th Century CE
• 5th Century BCE
• 3rd Century BCE