WEEK 13 PTA152 Pulmonary

Temporary or suspension of breathing

• Apnea

• Tachypnea

• Bradypnea

• Dyspnea

• Hyperpnea

​ (a)   remove foreign material

• Macrophages
• Lymphocytes
• Neutrophils

Reduces surface tension, facilitating inspiration, preventing collapse of alveoli during expiration

• Surfactant
• Antacid
• Antihistamine
• Antibiotic

How many layers is the Pleural Membrane?

• Single Walled

• Doubled Walled

​ (a)  

-High in Atmosphere

-Low pressure in lungs

​ (b)  

-Low in Atmosphere

-High pressure in lungs

• Inspiration Air Pressure
• Expiration Air Pressure

How does pressure of the lungs change?

Thoracic Cavity's Size Changes

-Thoracic Cavity size ​ (a)   ; pressure inside decreases

-Thoracic Cavity size ​ (b)   ; pressure inside increases

• increases
• decreases

Contraction of:

​ (a)   & External Intercostals

​ (b)   size of thoracic cavity

Decreased air pressure in lungs (compared to ATM)

• Increase
• Diaphragm
• Decrease
• External Intercostals
• Increase air pressure in lungs
• Decrease size of thoracic cavity

Lungs expand

-Requires "physical effort" &​ (a)  

-​ (b)   air pressure inside lungs

Atmospheric Pressure ​ (c)   Lung Pressure

-Air flow into lungs

• >
• cellular respiration
• Decrease
• <

Exhale

-Diaphragm & Ext. Intercostals ​ (a)  

Decreasing thoracic cavity size

Results in ​ (b)   pressure in size the cavity

Elasticness of lungs/alveoli, no longer held open, snap back

-Further decreasing size, increasing pressure

-Air thus flows out into atmosphere

-Exhalation is ​ (c)   & does no require energy

• increased
• passive
• Relax
• decreased
• Crazy

the relationship between gas pressure and volume

• Charles's Law
• Avogadro's Law
• Dalton's Law
• Boyle's Law