Narrow Transcription and Diacritics

Articulators remaining in the same position as we shift to the next sound is an example of

• Retentive Co-articulation

• Anticipatory Co-articulation

Broad transcription can also be referred to as

• narrow transcription

• graphemic transcription

• phonemic transcription

• long transcription

In broad transcription, "errors" are recorded by:

• substituting another sound

• omission of a sound

• addition of a sound

• diacritic marks

An articulatory variation where the tongue approximates to the upper incisors:

• lateralization

• dentalization

• palatization

• rhotacization

When air is released laterally around the tongue, for any other English sound besides /l/:

• lateralization

• dentalization

• palatization

• rhotacization

Articulatory variation where the tongue unnecessarily approximates to the hard palate:

• lateralization

• dentalization

• palatization

• rhotacization

A variation that bears some perceptual similarity to a rhotic sound (/r/), whatever the underlying articulatory configuration may be:

• lateralization

• dentalization

• palatization

• rhotacization

Produced with a constriction or narrowing of the lips, even though its primary place of articulation is not labial.

• labialization

• rounding

• unrounding

• non-labialized

Produced with nasal resonance, which is created when the velopharyngeal port is open, allowing voicing energy to radiate through the nasal cavity.

• Nasalized

• Denasalized

• Nasal Emission

release of noise energy through the nose during the production of a consonant that requires a buildup of pressure in the oral cavity, such as a stop.

• Nasalized

• Denasalized

• Nasal Emission