Living Things in the Biosphere-Unit Test Review

Many species of bacteria live in your mouth and throat. These bacteria come from several different groups within domain Bacteria. You can avoid most bacterial infections by washing your hands frequently and not sharing food or eating utensils. Which statements are true of all bacteria? Choose the three that apply.

• A. respond to stimuli

• B. can survive without water

• C. can reproduce

• D. can spontaneously generate

• E. use energy

Quentin goes to the urgent care center after stepping on a piece of glass. The doctor tells him he will need a few stitches to close the wound. Quentin sees the doctor's tools laid out on a counter. Each tool is sealed in its own plastic bag. "Why are the tools in bags?" he asks a nurse. "We put the tools in bags to sterilize them. The bagged tools go into a special oven that heats them and kills all microorganisms. We do not want to put germs in your body while we are giving you stitches," the nurse replies. Why is it necessary to keep the tools in plastic bags after all the microorganisms are killed?

• A. to prevent spontaneous generation of the bacteria

• B. to block the bacteria's access to a host

• C. to weaken the bacteria's resistance to antibiotics

• D. to block the bacteria's access to food and water

Michaela just found out recently that she is allergic to the toxin in honeybee stings. When she stepped on a bee at the swimming pool, she felt sick to her stomach, dizzy, and had trouble breathing. Fortunately, a paramedic gave her an injection that stopped the reaction. Michaela wants to avoid having the same kind of reaction in the future. She knows to avoid honeybees. Which other stinging insects are most likely to have a similar toxin?

• A. insects in the same kingdom

• B. insects in the same genus

• C. insects in the same class

• D. insects in the same family

Any two species in the same domain are more _______________ than any two species in different domains.

• evolved

• closely related

• convergently evolved

• adapted

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Many antibiotics work by preventing bacteria from building a strong cell wall that can protect them. For example, the antibiotic penicillin keeps bacteria from making the most common molecule that is needed to build their complete cell walls. This causes the cell wall to burst and the bacteria to die. Would antibiotics also work to destroy viruses?

• A. Yes, because all viruses have cell walls.

• B. Maybe, because only some viruses have cell walls.

• C. No, because viruses have a cell membrane but no cell wall.

• D. No, because viruses do not have cells at all.

Ariel is excited that her baby chicks have finally arrived. She sets up a heat lamp to shine down on the chicks. Keeping the chicks warm helps them to keep comfortable and to grow well. Being warm also helps their immune system fight off infectious diseases. Ariel cleans and disinfects the chicks' water dish every day. Why is it important to keep the chicks' water dish clean?

• A. Viruses using the water as a host could harm the chicks.

• B. Bacteria from the water could make the chicks sick.

• C. The chicks could ingest parasitic protists.

• D. The chicks might come in contact with decomposing fungi.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

Termites are wood-eating insects. They eat wood but they can't digest it on their own. Instead, protists called Trichonymphs (TRICK oh nimfs) live in termites' intestines and do the digesting. Trichonymphs turn wood into carbohydrates that termites can use for energy. Even though termites are animals and Trichonymphs are protists, they share something in common. How are Trichonymph cells similar to human and termite cells?

• A. All are eukaryotic.

• B. All have cell walls.

• C. All are unicellular.

• D. All are producers.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

On one show, Tyler learns that meerkats spend the late afternoon in their burrows. "They are so lazy!" he complains. James explains that meerkats rest in the shade during the hottest part of the day. That behavior keeps their body temperature from rising too high. What need are meerkats filling when they return to their burrows in hot weather?

• A. getting food for energy

• B. finding a living space

• C. maintaining homeostasis

• D. getting water to drink

One Saturday, Tyler is very excited. "I told my mom I want a pet meerkat. She said I can't have one because they're wild animals. But ferrets are pets and they look a lot like meerkats, so they must be cousins!" He shows James how similar they look in pictures of a meerkat and a ferret. James searches online and discovers that meerkats and ferrets are not even in the same family. Ferrets are in a family with otters, badgers, weasels, and wolverines. Meerkats are in a different family with mongooses. If meerkats and ferrets are in different families, why do they look so similar?

• A. Species from two different families can be very closely related.

• B. Two unrelated species can evolve similar characteristics through convergent evolution.

• C. Classification is an evolving process and the two animals are actually in the same family.

• D. The two species have the same binomial nomenclature.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

The next patient is an old farm dog that lives in a barn on a bed of straw. Lately, the owner has noticed that the dog has been sneezing a lot and her nose is swollen. She has not been eating much food, either. Dr. Snyder takes a sample of the fluid in the dog's nose. He looks at the fluid under the microscope and says "Aha! Yes, the tiny dots are spores and the long strings are hyphae. This dog probably has an Aspergillus infection." Dr. Snyder moves over to give Lizzie a chance to look through the microscope. Based on Dr. Snyder's description and the image in the microscope, Aspergillus is a kind of

• virus

• fungus

• protist

• bacteria