Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development

According to Piaget, how do infants and toddlers primarily think in the sensorimotor stage?

• a) Through logical reasoning

• b) Through abstract thinking

• c) With their senses

• d) Through social interactions

What are schemes in Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

• a) Specific psychological structures

• b) Social norms

• c) Abstract ideas

• d) Emotional responses

How does Piaget describe adaptation in the cognitive development of infants and toddlers?

• a) Through passive observation

• b) By copying adults

• c) Building schemes through interaction with the environment

• d) Through formal instruction

What does assimilation involve in cognitive development?

• a) Creating new schemes

• b) Adjusting old schemes

• c) Using current schemes to interpret the external world

• d) Rearranging cognitive structures

Which process in cognitive development involves creating new schemes or adjusting old ones due to a mismatch between existing thinking and the environment?

• a) Assimilation

• b) Accommodation

• c) Organization

• d) Equilibration

What is organization in the context of cognitive development?

• a) Creating new cognitive structures

• b) Adjusting schemes based on current knowledge

• c) Rearranging schemes internally

• d) Linking schemes with other individuals

What defines the circular reaction in Piaget's sensorimotor stage?

• a) A reaction in response to a caregiver's actions

• b) Repeating an action due to a new experience caused by the baby's own motor activity

• c) A response to an external stimulus

• d) Intentional behavior

At which sub-stage of the sensorimotor stage do babies typically demonstrate intentional, goal-directed behavior and begin to coordinate schemes to solve problems?

• a) Substage 1

• b) Substage 2

• c) Substage 3

• d) Substage 4

Answer explanation

(8-12 months)

What does object permanence refer to in the context of the sensorimotor stage?

• a) Understanding that objects are permanent and do not change

• b) Knowing that objects exist even when they are out of sight

• c) The ability to distinguish between different objects

• d) Recognizing familiar objects

What does deferred imitation involve in child development?

• a) Immediate replication of observed behavior

• b) Copying behavior of adults who are not present

• c) Repeating actions of peers in real-time

• d) Ignoring observed behaviors