Biology GMAS Review Part 1

Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve all of the following except

• chlorophyll

• glucose

• oxygen

• water

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

During photosynthesis in plants, what is the source of the carbon in the sugar molecule (C6H12O6)?

• carbon dioxide in the air

• carbon monoxide in the air

• carbon particles in the soil

• carbon particles in water

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which statement describes a way in which cellular respiration differs from photosynthesis?

• Cellular respiration consists of two phases.

• Cellular respiration releases carbon dioxide.

• Cellular respiration provides energy for the cell.

• Cellular respiration is carried out in one specific organelle.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which best describes the role of translation in helping cells code for proteins?

• The bases in transfer RNA code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

• The bases in messenger RNA code for the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

• The nucleotides in RNA and DNA determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Use the information below to answer the following question(s). The water quality of the Chesapeake Bay is measured by the Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program. Scientists measure the salinity, temperature, pH, and oxygen levels to help determine the health of the Bay. Healthy water also contains appropriate amounts of nutrients. Monitoring water quality helps communities make decisions about the Bay. Measuring oxygen levels of the Bay provides scientists with information about which process?

• mitosis

• meiosis

• chemosynthesis

• photosynthesis

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

Photosynthesis includes processes that require light and processes that do not. Which statement best explains why adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used in both processes?

• ATP is a building block of sugars and stores energy in plant cells.

• ATP collects chemical energy from plant cells and produces light energy to build sugars.

• ATP stores energy that plant cells absorb from light and releases the energy when it is needed to produce sugars.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

This diagram shows an enzyme-substrate complex. Which is represented by green structure?

• substrate

• product

• enzyme

• complex

The framework of organic molecules essential to all organisms is composed mainly of carbon atoms. Which processes are involved in the cycling of carbon within an environment?

• Photosynthesis and respiration

• Evaporation and condensation

• Transcription and translation

• Diffusion and transpiration

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

NGSS.HS-ESS2-6

How does the amount of energy resulting from fermentation compare with that of aerobic respiration?

• Aerobic respiration results in less energy.

• Aerobic respiration results in more energy.

• Each process results in equal amounts of energy.

• Each process results in variable amounts of energy.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Which process releases the most ATP molecules?

• aerobic respiration

• photosynthesis

• fermentation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3