Anteversion, Q-angle, Haglund's Deformity, Medial Knee Muscles

The femur in men descends more ______ from the hip to the knee compared to women?

• Diagonally

• Vertically

• Horizontally

• Laterally

When looking straight down (from above) at the femur from the femoral head/neck to the femoral condyles, in the case of anteversion, the femoral neck and head are more _____ rotated compared to normal alignment.

A 35-year-old cyclist has been experiencing medial knee pain for several weeks. He notes that the pain exacerbates after long rides. Upon inspection, it's observed that his saddle has been positioned lower than recommended for his leg length. What knee pathology is he most likely suffering from?

• Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) - The lowered saddle height may have lead to patellar maltracking and knee pain characteristic of PFPS

• Pes Anserine Tendonitis - likely due to overuse and improper biomechanics, such as from a lowered saddle causing increased knee flexion, putting more stress on the pes anserine tendons.

• Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) - The altered knee and hip angles from the lower saddle position may increase tension on the IT band, potentially causing knee pain.

• Prepatellar Bursitis - A lower saddle may cause altered riding posture, increasing pressure and friction on the aspect of the knee, potentially leading to inflammation of the prepatellar bursa.

When the Q angle is greater than 20°, it indicates that the line of pull of the quadriceps is in which direction more than normal?

How does excessive pronation affect the Q angle? (increase, decrease, or doesn't affect)

Why does genu valgum (knock knees) predispose an individual to pes anserine tendinitis?

• Genu valgum leads to decreased blood supply to the pes anserine area, thereby increasing the risk of tendonitis.

• The condition leads to an overstretching of the pes anserine tendons due to the outward displacement of the tibia, increasing the risk of tears and tendinitis.

• Genu valgum causes a decrease in the synovial fluid production around the knee joint, resulting in increased friction and risk of tendonitis at the pes anserine.

• The inward angulation of the knees in genu valgum alters the alignment and increases the tension on the tendons attaching at the pes anserine, leading to increased stress and potential tendinitis.

How is it that the manual muscle test (MMT) of internal tibia rotation assesses pes anserinus tendonitis?

Which foot structure abnormality -- pes planus (flat feet) or pes cavus (high arches) -- is more likely to lead to Haglund's deformity, and why?

Which of the following is a common treatment approach for Haglund's deformity?

• Regular Heat Application

• Antibiotics - Taking a course of antibiotics to reduce inflammation and pain associated with the deformity.

• Heel Pads

• Regular Achilles Tendon Exercises

When conducting an inspection for pes anserine tendonitis, besides examining the affected area for signs of inflammation, what are two other aspects of the inspection process?