American History Final Exam Study Guide

Thomas Jefferson:

• Held strongly pro-slavery views throughout his career.

• Seventh President of the United States, serving two terms from 1829 to 1837. He was a military hero, a controversial political figure, and a dominant force in American politics during the early 19th century.

• One of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. He was born on April 13, 1743, in Shadwell, Virginia, and died on July 4, 1826, at Monticello, his plantation in Virginia.

• They increased American patriotism, weakened Native American resistance, and U.S. manufacturing grew.

The Louisiana Purchase:

• Significant event in American history which involved the purchase of a vast territory in North America by the U.S. from France.

• A political doctrine that asserts the right of a state to nullify, or declare void and unenforceable, a federal law within its borders that it deems unconstitutional.

• A key policy in U.S. foreign affairs that was articulated by President James Monroe in his annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823.

• A significant piece of legislation that fueled sectional tensions over the issue of slavery and contributed to the onset of the American Civil War.

Marbury v. Madison:

• Significant event in American history which involved the purchase of a vast territory in North America by the U.S. from France.

• A landmark case in the history of the United States Supreme Court that established the principle of judicial review. It originated from the disastrous political events of the early 19th century and had a lasting impact on the balance of power among the three branches of the U.S. government.

• Often referred to as the "Tariff of Abominations," was a protective tariff passed by the United States Congress on May 19, 1828. The tariff was designed to protect American industries by imposing high import duties on certain goods, particularly manufactured goods.

• A controversial piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850. The act was designed to address issues related to the recapture of escaped slaves and the enforcement of existing slave laws.

Effects of the War of 1812:

• A political doctrine that asserts the right of a state to nullify, or declare void and unenforceable, a federal law within its borders that it deems unconstitutional.

• A planned slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1822. Denmark Vesey, a formerly enslaved man who had purchased his freedom, was the primary organizer of the revolt.

• Negatively impacted the southern economy by impeding the development of industry and cities and contributed to high debts, soil exhaustion, and a lack of technological innovation.

• They increased American patriotism, weakened Native American resistance, and U.S. manufacturing grew.

Political beliefs of the Democratic-Republican Party v. Federalist Party:

• Often referred to as the "Tariff of Abominations," was a protective tariff passed by the United States Congress on May 19, 1828. The tariff was designed to protect American industries by imposing high import duties on certain goods, particularly manufactured goods.

• Founded in the mid-19th century in response to the contentious political issues of the time, particularly the question of slavery. The party emerged as a coalition of various anti-slavery activists, former Whigs, Free Soilers, and abolitionists who were united by their opposition to the spread of slavery into new territories.

• The Federalists believed in a strong central government, a loose interpretation of the Constitution, and a Pro-British foreign policy. The Democratic-Republicans believed in a limited central government, a strict interpretation of the Constitution, and a Pro-French foreign policy.

• Negatively impacted the southern economy by impeding the development of industry and cities and contributed to high debts, soil exhaustion, and a lack of technological innovation.

The Monroe Doctrine:

• A key policy in U.S. foreign affairs that was articulated by President James Monroe in his annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823.

• Held strongly pro-slavery views throughout his career.

• A significant piece of legislation that fueled sectional tensions over the issue of slavery and contributed to the onset of the American Civil War.

• Significant event in American history which involved the purchase of a vast territory in North America by the U.S. from France.

The issue of impressment:

• A political doctrine that asserts the right of a state to nullify, or declare void and unenforceable, a federal law within its borders that it deems unconstitutional.

• A planned slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1822. Denmark Vesey, a formerly enslaved man who had purchased his freedom, was the primary organizer of the revolt.

• A significant point of contention between the United States and Great Britain in the early 19th century, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815). It refers to forcibly recruiting sailors into a navy, and it became a major issue between the two nations.

• Refers to the forced relocation and removal of several Native American tribes from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern United States to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) in the 1830s.

Andrew Jackson:

• A significant piece of legislation that fueled sectional tensions over the issue of slavery and contributed to the onset of the American Civil War.

• Seventh President of the United States, serving two terms from 1829 to 1837. He was a military hero, a controversial political figure, and a dominant force in American politics during the early 19th century.

• A planned slave rebellion in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1822. Denmark Vesey, a formerly enslaved man who had purchased his freedom, was the primary organizer of the revolt.

• One of the Founding Fathers of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. He was born on April 13, 1743, in Shadwell, Virginia, and died on July 4, 1826, at Monticello, his plantation in Virginia.

Nullification Crisis:

• Negatively impacted the southern economy by impeding the development of industry and cities and contributed to high debts, soil exhaustion, and a lack of technological innovation.

• A significant piece of legislation that fueled sectional tensions over the issue of slavery and contributed to the onset of the American Civil War.

• A controversial and deeply consequential piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The act authorized the forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River.

• A political and constitutional conflict that took place in the United States during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The crisis emerged over the issue of tariffs and the doctrine of nullification, which asserted that individual states had the right to nullify, or declare void, federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

Indian Removal Act of 1830:

• A political doctrine that asserts the right of a state to nullify, or declare void and unenforceable, a federal law within its borders that it deems unconstitutional.

• A controversial and deeply consequential piece of legislation passed by the United States Congress during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The act authorized the forced removal of Native American tribes from their ancestral lands in the southeastern United States to unsettled lands west of the Mississippi River.

• A key policy in U.S. foreign affairs that was articulated by President James Monroe in his annual message to Congress on December 2, 1823.

• Refers to the forced relocation and removal of several Native American tribes from their ancestral homelands in the southeastern United States to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) in the 1830s.