8th Grade Science Semester Final Review 2023-24

Jonas and his family are moving to another part of the city. As Jonas, his brother, and his Dad were driving one of the trucks filled with furniture to their new home, Jonas noticed that the truck seemed to take longer to stop now that it was heavier with the furniture. Which Newton's Law explains why this happens?

• Newton's First Law

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's Third Law

• Newton's Laws do not explain why this happens.

Stephanie is in volleyball practices and she notices something interesting about the effect that spiking the ball has on her hand. She notices that the harder she hits the ball, the more that her hand hurts afterward. Which Newton's Law explains why this happens?

• Newton's First Law

• Newton's Second Law

• Newton's Third Law

• Newton's Laws do not explain why this happens

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

In 1687, Isaac Newton published a book discussing the three laws of motion that he had discovered. The third law of motion is known as the law of action-reaction. Which of the following situations are examples of Newton's third law of motion? Select TWO correct answers.

• A person pushes on the water with a paddle while the paddle pushes back on the person's hand.

  
  

• A baseball bat pushes on a ball while the ball pushes back on the baseball bat.

  
  

• A gymnast pushes down on a balance beam with her feet and the balance beam pushes down on the ground.

  
  

• A person pushes down on a trampoline and the trampoline pushes back on the person.

  
  

• A skateboarder pushes on the skateboard while the wheels of the skateboard push on the ground.

  
  

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

Which of the following scenarios are examples of an action-reaction pair of forces? Select TWO correct answers.

• a swimmer pushing on the water while the water pushes back on the swimmer

  
  

• a diver pushing down on the diving board while the diving board pushes down on the spring

  
  

• a tennis racquet pushing on a ball while the ball pushes back on the tennis racquet

  
  

• a boy climbing up a ladder and holding onto the rails while climbing

  
  

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

A roller coaster containing four cars is accelerating at 15 m/s2 before it comes to an abrupt stop at the end of the ride. The mass of one car is 200 kg. How much force was exerted on the roller coaster to bring it to a stop?

• 60N

• 800N

• 3000N

• 12000N

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

In order to ride a bike up a hill with increasing speed-

• the rider's pedal force must be less than friction and the force of gravity

• the rider's pedal force must be equal to than friction and the force of gravity

• the rider's pedal force must be greater than friction and the force of gravity

• It is impossible to ride up a hill with increasing speed.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

While on a launch pad, a rocket engine is able to produce thrust on a spacecraft. Identify the correct action-reaction pair which allows the spacecraft to propel itself upward.

• rocket engine-spacecraft

• rocket engine nozzle-exhaust gasses

• exhaust gasses-air behind the spacecraft

• exhaust gasses-ground

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-1

Two trains are traveling down a track. Train A has more mass than Train B. What will happen when the two trains attempt to stop with the same force at the Train Station?

• The train with the smaller mass will require less time to stop than the train with the larger mass.

  
  

• The train with the larger mass will require less time to stop than the train with the smaller mass.

  
  

• The train with the smaller mass will take longer to stop than the train with the larger mass.

  
  

• The train with the larger mass will have less inertia than the train with the smaller mass.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

Which of the following best illustrates an application of Newton's First Law (also called the Law of Inertia)?

• A passenger not wearing a seatbelt is ejected from an automobile during a severe crash.

  
  

• Dinner plates remain on a table when a slick tablecloth is pulled out from underneath them.

  
  

• An ice hockey puck continues sliding across the relatively frictionless ice until it comes into contact with a wall or a player’s stick.

  
  

• All of these are examples of Newton's First Law.

Which city on the map above just experienced a warm front pass through it?

• Denver

• Seattle

• Columbus

• Dallas

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5