First Semester Review Questions Version 1

What are the three properties of water that make it essential for life?

• Surface tension, non-polarity, and non-conductive properties

• Polarity, cohesion, and universal solvent properties

• Acidity, adhesion, and insulating properties

• Density, non-reactivity, and transparency properties

Answer explanation

Water's polarity, cohesion, and universal solvent properties make it essential for life.

What are the four main macromolecules found in living organisms?

• carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

• fats, enzymes, hormones, and antibodies

• amino acids, starch, cellulose, and cholesterol

• sugars, vitamins, minerals, and water

Answer explanation

The four main macromolecules found in living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These macromolecules play essential roles in various biological processes.

What is the basic unit of structure and function in living things?

• cell

• atom

• organism

• molecule

Answer explanation

The basic unit of structure and function in living things is a cell. Cells are the building blocks of all organisms and carry out essential functions for life.

What are the two main processes involved in energy production in cells?

• Krebs cycle and electron transport chain

• Glycolysis and cellular respiration

• Oxidative phosphorylation and citric acid cycle

• Photosynthesis and fermentation

Answer explanation

The two main processes involved in energy production in cells are glycolysis and cellular respiration. Glycolysis breaks down glucose, while cellular respiration converts the products of glycolysis into ATP, the cell's main energy source.

What is the process by which cells make proteins using instructions from DNA?

• Cell division

• Respiration

• Protein synthesis

• Photosynthesis

Answer explanation

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells make proteins using instructions from DNA. It is the correct choice because it accurately describes the process.

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

• Mitosis and meiosis both result in four genetically different daughter cells.

• Mitosis results in four identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in two genetically different daughter cells.

• Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically different daughter cells.

• Mitosis and meiosis both result in two identical daughter cells.

Answer explanation

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically different daughter cells.

What are the male and female reproductive organs in humans?

• Testes and Ovaries

• Heart and Lungs

• Stomach and Liver

• Kidneys and Bladder

Answer explanation

The male and female reproductive organs in humans are the testes and ovaries. These organs are responsible for producing and releasing gametes, which are necessary for sexual reproduction.

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

• Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

• Regulates cell division

• Stores genetic information

• Provides energy for the cell

Answer explanation

The main function of the cell membrane is to control the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

What is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself?

• DNA replication

• Protein synthesis

• RNA transcription

• Cell division

Answer explanation

DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself. It is a crucial step in cell division and ensures genetic continuity. Protein synthesis, RNA transcription, and cell division are not directly involved in DNA replication.

What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular respiration

• Energy storage

• Protein synthesis

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts in plant cells primarily function in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that captures light energy and converts it into chemical energy. This process is essential for the production of glucose and oxygen, which are vital for plant growth and survival.