Gene Regulation and Mutations

Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they

• express different genes.

• contain different genes.

• use different genetic codes.

• have unique ribosomes

The protein that performs RNA splicing by removing introns and connecting exons is called a(n) ________.

Attachment of ______ groups to ______ will cause promotion of gene expression due to looser DNA.

• acetyl, DNA

• methyl, DNA

• acetyl, histones

• methyl, histones

The noncoding sequence of DNA located within the promoter where RNA polymerase will bind is called the ________.

A type of control element that acts with transcription factors to promote initiation may be perceived as a distal control element. This control element is called a(n):

All of the following occur before mature RNA is formed except:

• Addition of a poly-A tail

• Addition of a 3' cap

• Addition of a release factor

• Removal of introns

• Alternative splicing

Proteins targeted for degradation are tagged with ________ before they are recognized by proteasomes.

The protein that functions in unwinding DNA strands before replication occurs is called:

• Topoisomerase

• Single-strand binding proteins

• Helicase

• Ligase

• Spliceosome

Most gene regulation happens at which step along the way?

• translation
• transcription
• signal transduction
• DNA replication

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
• They often delete things that organisms need.
• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.