Constructivist Approaches Review

Who is credited as the founder of constructivism?

• George Kelly

• Immanuel Kant

• Heraclitus

• Lao Tzu

According to Friedrich Hayek, what does a person's proclamation to 'know' reflect?

• The objective truth

• The person's process or way of organizing experience

• The absolute reality

• The external world

Who added a focus on strengths to constructivist psychotherapy?

• Immanuel Kant

• George Kelly

• Milton Erickson

• Friedrich Hayek

Which therapy assumes that people create and maintain realities through language interactions?

• Existential Therapy

• Solution-Focused Therapy

• Narrative Therapy

• Constructive Psychotherapy

According to Mahoney, what is the role of the counselor in the change process?

• Authoritarian figure

• Active participant

• Complete leader

• Passive observer

What is the primary process that Mahoney believed counselors should access when working with clients?

• Specific techniques

• Empathy and compassion

• Formal assessments

• Goal setting

What is the focus of Mahoney's Constructive Psychotherapy in terms of change strategies?

• Behavioral interventions

• Cognitive interventions

• Novel experiences in living

• Embodiment exercises

What is the level of focus that Mahoney believed held the most promising potential for enduring, significant change?

What does Mahoney believe is the role of tension reduction or the resolution of conflict in therapy?

• To ignore clients' pain

• To avoid clients' pain

• To quickly solve the problem

• To hold clients' pain for better understanding

What is the primary focus of spiritual skills in Constructive Psychotherapy?

• Emotional expression

• Problem-solving

• Self-reflection

• Tension reduction