AP HuGe Unit 3 + 4

Q1. Which of the following best explains the use of two languages (English and French) in this United States highway sign?

• The highway sign is part of a countrywide educational program for language learning.
• The highway sign alerts drivers as they near an international border crossing station.
• The highway sign symbolizes strong political differences within regions of the country.
• The highway sign is a marketing effort of the state's travel and tourism office.
• The highway sign is a representation of the state's multilingual ethnic cultural heritage.

Q2. The image shown was taken in Ketchikan, Alaska. Which of the following best explains the process illustrated by the image?

• Through the process of population growth, small villages in Alaska are rapidly expanding and increasing economic activity.
• Through the process of diffusion, ethnic cuisines impact culture in locations far from their hearths.
• Through the process of fundamentalism, traditions regarding food have not changed very much over time.
• Through the process of ethnocentrism, American culture has spread throughout the world.

Q3. Many people living in west and central African countries such as Niger, Chad, and the Central African Republic speak French. Which of the following best explains this pattern?

• The French language originated in west-central Africa and diffused to Europe.
• Slaves freed from France in the late 1800s relocated to the region that is now Niger and the Central African Republic.
• France colonized and exploited these regions beginning in the late 1800s.
• French diffused hierarchically into the largest cities of Africa after the Second World War.

Q4. The Arabic word sawahili means “a language of the coast.” Which of the following explains how this would relate to the Swahili language spoken today in Kenya, Tanzania, and northern Mozambique in eastern Africa?

• As Arabic-speaking merchants traveled to Africa, they needed to communicate with people living along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean in order to trade, and a lingua franca developed.
• Many of the words and phrases in Swahili are based on terms and ideas connected to the ocean and coastal environment, which demonstrates the influence of landscape on local culture.
• British colonizers forced East African populations to adopt Swahili as their official language in order to segregate them from British speaking settlers.
• African populations developed Swahili in order to better understand the Islamic religious texts to increase educational development through reading and writing.

Q5. The first places to develop high speed internet were wealthy tech-industry regions like San Francisco, Tokyo, and Seoul. Eventually other cities and large companies would adopt the technology. After several years, people in all areas - both rural and urban - gained access to high-speed internet as the technology became cheaper and more available. What geographic concept does this situation represent?

• Relocation diffusion
• Stimulus diffusion
• Hierarchical diffusion
• Contagious diffusion

Q6. Which of the following explains the comparison of the two mosques below (Bosnia is in Europe, Malaysia in Southeast Asia)

• Throughout history, religion has held a strong influence over build landscapes - regardless of differences in local cultures.
• Architecture in different parts of the world rarely (not often) share similar characteristics - due to different resources and materials available locally.
• Climate and natural resources plays a more significant role in the design and characteristics of building, rather than cultural influences.
• As a result of globalization, it is likely that the same architect designed both of these buildings, which is why they have so many similar features.

Q7. The photo below was taken in Paris, France. Which of the following geographic concepts best connects with the event being photographed?

• Cultural diffusion and ethnic enclaves
• Acculturation and colonization
• Forced migration and material culture
• Ethnocentrism and centrifugal forces

Q8. Which of the following statements best explains why English is the most widely spoken language in North America?

• The English language initially diffused to North America through the process of relocation diffusion. A number of colonies were established and settled by people from England.
• The English language diffused throughout North America through the process of hierarchical diffusion. The language was initially only spoken in cities and was gradually adopted by people living in rural areas.
• The English language diffused to North America through the process of contagious diffusion. Those who settled in the northeast slowly taught their language to neighbors who passed it on to other nearby groups.
• The English language became a widely spoken language in North America in the twentieth century. This primarily occurred as a way of unifying the immigrant populations in both the United States and Canada.

Q9. A family that immigrates from Korea to the United States and chooses to live in an ethnic enclave is probably hoping to

• (A) expose their children to people of many other cultures
• (B) assimilate their family into American culture as quickly as possible
• (C) find community support among people with similar cultural background
• (D) find more religious and language diversity than in most communities

Q10. What is cultural appropriation?

• The development of a group of shared traits, customs, and beliefs by a communit of people
• When one culture adopts customs or tradition from another culture for its own benefit.
• The region or location from which ideas and cultural traits develop and diffuse from
• Physical elements of culture, such as art, sports, fashion and cuisine share by a community