EOC Review USHC.2.CX Spot Check

Which issue would BEST explain the voting trend represented in this election map from 1860?

• The Republicans promised increased industrial opportunities.

• The Constitutional Union party stood for universal suffrage.

• The southern states fully supported the election of Lincoln as president.

• The northern states favored a stance of American neutrality in foreign conflicts.

• The southern states refused to support Lincoln's stance against slavery's expansion.

Answer explanation

The voting trend in this election map from 1860 can be best explained by the fact that the southern states refused to support Lincoln's stance against slavery's expansion.

"The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain, that this nation under God shall have a new birth of freedom...."

- excerpt from The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln
According to the passage, what was Abraham Lincoln's MAIN purpose of the address?

• celebrate the Union's crushing victory of the Confederates

• announce Lincoln's plans to emancipate southern slaves

• explain the higher purpose of the Civil War

• comfort Union troops on their way south

Answer explanation

Abraham Lincoln's main purpose in the Gettysburg Address was to explain the higher purpose of the Civil War, emphasizing the correct choice.

Which of these would have been a goal of the Ku Klux Klan in the south during Reconstruction?

• making sure Reconstruction went smoothly

• assisting the scalawags and carpetbaggers

• ensuring that freedmen had the right to vote

• restoring southern Democrats to political power

Answer explanation

The goal of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction was to restore southern Democrats to political power.

When President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, he specified that freedom was not extended to enslaved people in the neutral border states of Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, or Delaware.

What is the MOST accurate reasoning behind his decision to allow these states keep the institution of slavery?

• These four states were already in the process of passing legislation to free enslaved persons.

• The number of enslaved people in these states was insignificant and posed no threat to the Union.

• Lincoln knew that the states would likely secede and join the Confederacy if he freed their slaves.

• Lincoln was rewarding these four states for the massive number of volunteers they supplied to the Union army.

• It was to prove that Lincoln was using the Emancipation Proclamation as a political tool to insure Northern support for the war effort.

Answer explanation

Lincoln allowed these states to keep slavery to prevent them from seceding and joining the Confederacy.

13th Amendment (1865)-Abolition of Slavery
14th Amendment (1866)-Definition of Citizenship; Due Process
15th Amendment (1869)-Right to Vote not based on Race or previous servitude

What conclusion can be drawn from the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution?

• The passage of the amendments was to strengthen the Bill of Rights.

• The passage of the amendments was to weaken the Jim Crow laws that were passed in the North.

• The passage of the amendments was to weaken the Jim Crow laws that were passed in the South.

• The passage of the amendments was to abolish slavery and establish rights to previous slaves.

Answer explanation

The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were passed to abolish slavery and establish rights for former slaves.

How did the Freedmen's Bureau help freed slaves during Reconstruction?

• The Bureau laid the foundation for the Southern public education system.

• The Bureau provided former slaves with government funds to help them move North.

• The Bureau helped former slaves set up profitable plantations with land plots over 100 acres.

• The Bureau ensured that former slaves would stay on plantations in Mississippi as sharecroppers.

Answer explanation

The Freedmen's Bureau laid the foundation for the Southern public education system, which was a significant help to freed slaves during Reconstruction.

The red path on the map from Tennessee to Oklahoma is most likely showing what aspect of American history?

• The Erie Canal

• The Trail of Tears

• Transcontinental Railroad

• 'Sherman's March' during the Civil War

Answer explanation

The red path on the map represents the Trail of Tears, a tragic event in American history where Native Americans were forcibly relocated from their ancestral lands to Oklahoma.

The case of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) is often called the Supreme Court’s great ‘self inflicted wound’ because the decision

• refused to give women the right to vote.

• created the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’.

• supported the South’s right to secede from the Union.

• ruled slaves to be property and incapable of becoming citizens.

Answer explanation

The case of Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) ruled slaves to be property and incapable of becoming citizens.

The 14th Amendment to the Constitution includes all of the following provisions EXCEPT

• a guarantee of equal protection under the law for all citizens.

• the guaranteed right to vote for adults, regardless of gender, race or age.

• citizenship in both the nation and its states for all persons born or naturalized in the US.

• loss of representation in Congress for states that denied qualified citizens the right to vote.

Answer explanation

The 14th Amendment to the Constitution guarantees equal protection under the law, citizenship for all born or naturalized in the US, and loss of representation for states denying voting rights. However, it does not guarantee the right to vote for adults, regardless of gender, race, or age.

"(They) must make annual contracts for their labor in writing; if they should run away from their tasks, they forfeited their wages for the year. Whenever it was required of them they must present licenses (in a town from the mayor; elsewhere from a member of the board of police of the beat) citing their places of residence and authorizing them to work."

This passage from 1865 is part of a series of rules immediately after the Civil War that were known as

• Black Codes.

• Jim Crow laws.

• the South Carolina constitution.

• the Charter of the Ku Klux Klan.

Answer explanation

This passage from 1865 refers to the Black Codes, a series of rules implemented after the Civil War.