Unit 5.8

Bailey and Marcus packed everything they thought they would need for a weekend camping trip. When it rained and they realized they had not brought rain gear, Bailey said, “I knew we should have packed raincoats!” Bailey’s thinking illustrates which of the following ?

• Prospective memory

• Hindsight Bias

• Flashbulb Memory

• Common sense

Achariya is lost. She quickly scans the crowd and decides to ask an elderly woman for directions because she believes the woman will be kind. Which method of problem solving did Achariya most likely use?

• Representativeness Heuristic

• Common sense

• Algorithm

• Availability Heuristic

Our mental image that best represents a category is called a...

• Insight

• Heuristic

• Prototype

• Retrieval

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

• A prototype.

• Divergent thinking.

• The availability heuristic

• Believe perseverance

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

• Heuristics

• Framing

• Prototypes

• Algorithms

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of

• The representativeness heuristic.

• Believe perseverance

• The framing effect

• Confirmation bias

Problem solving is one type of cognitive activity in which we all engage.  Which of the following cognitive tendencies is seen to be an obstacle to problem solving?

• Confirmation bias

• Availability heuristics

• Insight

• Prototype confusion

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates

• Framing

• Confirmation bias

• Belief bias

• Representativeness heuristics

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 

• functional fixedness

• the availability heuristic.

• belief perseverance.

• the representativeness heuristic.

Despite overwhelming and highly publicized evidence that Senator McEwan was guilty of serious political corruption and misconduct, many who had supported her in past elections remained convinced of her political integrity. Their reaction best illustrates

• Belief perseverance.

• The availability heuristic.

• the framing effect.

• fixation.