Genetics

What genotype belongs in the lower right square?

• AA

• Aa

• aA

• aa

What percentage of plants from this cross will produce yellow seeds?

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

When Mendel crossed a true-breeding plant with purple flowers and a true-breeding plant with white flowers, ALL offspring had purple flowers. This is because white flowers are

• dominant.

• heterozygous.

• polygenic.

• recessive.

Which process copies an organism's DNA?

• mutation

• replication

• transcription

• translation

Match the following definitions with their terms

• recessive trait

• the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring

• dominant trait

• a genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor

• genetics

• a section of a chromosome that has genetic information for one trait

• gene

• the passing of traits from parents to offspring

• heredity

• a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominant factor

Match the following

• phenotype

• how a trait appears or is expressed

• alleles

• two alleles that control the phenotype of a trait

• heterozygous

• two alleles of a gene are different (Rr)

• homozygous

• the different forms of a gene

• genotype

• two alleles of a gene are the same (RR or rr)

Match the following

• polygenic inheritance

• when the offspring's phenotype is a combination of the parents' phenotypes

• DNA

• multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait

• Punnett square

• an organism's genetic material

• incomplete dominance

• a model used to predict possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring

• codominance

• both alleles can be observed in a phenotype

Match the following

• replication

• the process of making mRNA from DNA

• translation

• the process of copying a DNA molecule to make another DNA molecule

• transcription

• the process of making a protein from RNA

• RNA

• a molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group (the NA in DNA or RNA)

• nucleotide

• a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

An error made during the copying of DNA is called a(n) _______.

• replication

• mutation

• translation

• transcription

Each nucleotide in a DNA strand is made of a nitrogen base, a phosphate group, and a ______.

• protein

• sugar

• RNA chain

• gene