Enlightenment (Unit 9.1)

Montesquieu French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755) Thomas Hobbes believed that people are born selfish and need a strong central authority

• Rousseau
• Voltaire
• Montesquieu
• Napoleon Bonaparte

John Locke 17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

• Karl Marx
• John Locke
• Thomas Jefferson
• Sigmund Freud

Philosphe French for "philosopher"; applied to all intellectuals during the Enlightenment

• Philosophy
• Philo
• Sophie
• Philosophe

Voltaire (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

• Joan of Arc
• Marie Antoinette
• Napoleon Bonaparte
• Voltaire

Branch of government that makes the laws

• Executive Branch
• Judicial Branch
• Military Branch
• Legislative Branch

Branch of government that carries out laws

• Executive branch
• Legislative branch
• Military branch
• Judicial branch

Interprets the laws

• Executive Branch
• Legislative Branch
• Military Branch
• Judicial Branch

_____________ believed people in their natural state were basically good but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, especially the uneven distribution of property

• Adam Smith
• John Locke
• Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Karl Marx

_________________ upset with the use of torture, corrupt judges, secret trials, & severe punishments for crimes. Argued that people accused of crimes should be given a fair & speedy trial and that capital punishment & torture should be abolished

• Thomas Hobbes

• Beccaria

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

__________ was a French philosopher who is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers, which is implemented in many constitutions throughout the world.

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

• Napoleon Bonaparte