CHAPTER 6 : PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES (P2)

• Hayes (1981) extended this conceptualisation into the process of ____ steps:

• 2

• 4

• 6

• 8

The purpose of the last step of "Looking back" in Problem Solving Process of Polya (1957) is ___

• Prediction

• Future immplications

• Forecasting

Advantages of Decomposition or Subgoaling are ____

• • Nature of the problem may be changed

• Work out the journey backwards, from point B to A 

• • When big problem is broken to smaller components, identification of solution becomes

  • simpler

  • and understand a problem better 

• • Problem too large to be solved. 

The Work Backward strategy may be appropriate when:

• • A problem proceeds from being simple initially to being more complicated at the end.

• employed for individual to move upwards esp. when no apparent marked path to follow.

• • The final result is clear and the initial portion of a problem is obscure.

• • Problem too large to be solved. 

• 2 actions to reduce the distance between the current state and goal: 

(a) By taking a step that will cause the current state to be as similar to the goal; or 

(b) By working backward where one will bring the goal closer to the current state. 

This is the approach of ________

• Working Backwards

• Means-end Analysis

• Brainstorming

• Forward Chaining

This problem-solving strategy works as:

• Firstly, begins with the available data. Secondly, uses inference rules to extract more data until a goal is attained. 

• This is _______.

• Means-end analysis

• Generalisation

• Specification

• Forward Chaining

________ reasoning involves focusing on certain aspects common to many examples, and ignoring other aspects.

• Specialisation

• Generalisation

• Using Analogy

• Extreme Case

• To obtain a solution for an analogous but simpler problem. This is ______.

• Specialization

• Analogy in Problem Solving

• Generalization

"the accuracy of the function can be verified by putting in extreme values such as zero or infinity, for the independent variable"

This is the mechanism of ________.

• Individual brainstorming

• Use of Extreme Case

• • Brainstorming + concept map combo

• Generalization

______ reasoning involves focusing on certain aspects common to many examples, and ignoring other aspects.

• Specialisation

• Generalisation

• Extreme Cases