TOEFL Reading -implication

Researchers have confirmed the link between rising carbon dioxide concentrations and rising temperatures.

Global warming is a serious threat to entire ecosystems, the global atmosphere, and the oceans. While we are already seeing its effect on wildlife and habitat, we know that reducing carbon dioxide emissions from human activities such as burning fossil fuels in power plants and automobiles will help slow global warming and minimize negative effects.

What can be inferred about carbon dioxide?

• It burns at a very high temperature.

• It is the main atmospheric gas.

• It is a cause of global warming.

• It is used as a fuel for automobiles.

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The reasons for the migration from rural to urban life were exploitation and lack of economic opportunity. The family members who would not inherit a share in the property were exploited by the laws of inheritance. The system was particularly hard on women. Who usually did not share in the ownership of the farm and who rarely were paid for their labor. The workday for woman was even more demanding than it was for men. Women were responsible for the kitchen garden and the small livestock as well as the care of the family. Unmarried women increasingly left the farm in search of economic opportunity in the factories that processed fish or farm products.

It can be inferred from the passage that women under this system

• moved from farm to farm in search of work

• were paid less than men for the same work

• did not acquire property through inheritance

• had to get married in order to stay on the farm

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In the early nineteenth century, most of the Europeans who immigrated to the United States were from northern and western European countries such as England, Germany, France, and Sweden. However, most of the fifteen million Europeans arriving between 1890 and 1914 came from southern and eastern Europe, with the largest numbers coming from Russia, Italy, Greece, Austria-Hungary, and Armenia.

Which of the following can be inferred about European immigration to the United States in the nineteenth century?

• The sources of immigrants shifted to different parts of Europe.

• Most of the European immigrants could not speak English.

• More immigrants came from Europe than from other continents.

• Northern and western Europeans did not immigrate after 1890.

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A similar pattern occurred in Canada, where most immigrants were traditionally from England and the United States. After 1890, an increasing number came from Eastern Europe, particularly Russia and Ukraine. Many of these headed for the Prairie Provinces. The Doukhobors, a pacifist sect from southern Russia, established communal in settlements in Saskatchewan. Together with other immigrants, they arrived in such numbers that in the two decades between the completion of the main railroad network and the outbreak of war in 1914, the population of the prairies had increased from about 150,000 to 1.5million.

It can be inferred that the Doukhobors

• were the largest immigrant group in North America

• also immigrated to the United States

• mainly settled in the Canadian prairies

• helped to build Canada’s railroad network

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Some people believe that odors and fragrances affect the body and mind and are capable of healing anxiety, stress, and other sources of disease. Interest in aromatherapy—and the use of aromatherapy products such as lotions and inhalants—continues to boom. Some popular essential oils and their uses in aromatherapy include lavender and chamomile, which are reputed to ease stress and promote sleep. The scent of jasmine will uplift the mood and reduce depression Orange eases anxiety and depression and promotes creativity. Peppermint has antibacterial and analgesic qualities, eases mental fatigue, and relieves headaches.

It can be inferred that aromatherapy is

• the main use of essential oils from plants

•  the use of certain scents to promote health

• not recommended for treating headaches

• not an effective method of curing disease

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Baseball fans love statistics. There is absolutely no doubt about it: baseball is the greatest statistics game there is. Because baseball goes back so far in history, it is embedded in most of the population. Fans really understand a home run, a batting average, and an earned run average—all those basics that have been with baseball throughout its history. The basics have never changed, so people know and love them.

It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that an earned run average is

• a statistic

• difficult to achieve

• a baseball game

• not well known

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In the last half century, many new statistics have evolved: hitting with runners in scoring position; the percentages of men driven in with runners on second and third base; a pitcher’s saves, as opposed to the percentage of times he has the opportunity to make a save. These are the so-called sophisticated statistics.

Which of the following can be inferred from this paragraph?

• Baseball fans invented statistics about fifty years ago.

• Hitting with runners in scoring position is a complex statistic.

• The pitcher is the most sophisticated player on every team.

• There is a limit to the possible number of statistics.

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