loess

• a fine, dustlike material that can form soil

• walls to hold back water

• animal bones or turtle shells carved with written characters that the Shang kings used to try to tell the future

• to explain; get the meaning of

dikes

• a fine, dustlike material that can form soil

• walls to hold back water

• animal bones or turtle shells carved with written characters that the Shang kings used to try to tell the future

• to explain; get the meaning of

oracle bones

• a fine, dustlike material that can form soil

• walls to hold back water

• animal bones or turtle shells carved with written characters that the Shang kings used to try to tell the future

• to explain; get the meaning of

interpret

• a fine, dustlike material that can form soil

• walls to hold back water

• animal bones or turtle shells carved with written characters that the Shang kings used to try to tell the future

• to explain; get the meaning of

pictographs

• pictures that represent words or ideas

• written character that represents a complete word or phrase

• something that is difficult or demanding to do

• heaven was the highest force of nature that gave dynasties the right to rule

logograph

• pictures that represent words or ideas

• written character that represents a complete word or phrase

• something that is difficult or demanding to do

• heaven was the highest force of nature that gave dynasties the right to rule

challenge

• pictures that represent words or ideas

• written character that represents a complete word or phrase

• something that is difficult or demanding to do

• heaven was the highest force of nature that gave dynasties the right to rule

Mandate of Heaven

• pictures that represent words or ideas

• written character that represents a complete word or phrase

• something that is difficult or demanding to do

• heaven was the highest force of nature that gave dynasties the right to rule

survive/survived

• to last; to continue to live

• not serious; not important

• military rulers of small states

• total disorder and confusion

minor

• to last; to continue to live

• not serious; not important

• military rulers of small states

• total disorder and confusion