Brain Injury, Brain structure, XYY and Offending Quiz

What percentage of inmates in a UK prison, according to Huw Williams et al. (2010), reported a history of one or more head injuries in their youth?

• 30%

• 45%

• 60%

• 75%

Incidents resulting in brain damage, such as falls or sporting accidents, are known as:

• Psychotic episodes

• Acquired Brain Injuries (ABIs)

• Cognitive impairments

• Neurological disturbances

According to the text, which cognitive abilities are among the last to develop in the brain?

• Memory

• Impulse control and forward planning

• Perception

• Language skills

What part of the brain is associated with the 'startle response' and abnormal functioning correlates with increased aggression?

• Hippocampus

• Amygdala

• Frontal lobe

• Occipital lobe

Which neuropsychologist conducted a classic study (Raine et al. 1997) on psychopathic murderers, highlighting reduced metabolic activity in the left amygdala?

• Seena Fazel

• Adrian Raine

• Huw Williams

• Dustin Pardini

In the study by Gao et al. (2010), what was assessed in 1,795 three-year-olds to predict future criminal behavior?

• Cognitive abilities

• Emotional intelligence

• Fear response to distinct tones

• Physical health

According to Dustin Pardini et al. (2014), individuals with reduced amygdala volume were three times more likely to be:

• Intelligent

• Non-aggressive

• Aggressive, violent, and show psychopathic traits

• Law-abiding citizens

What is XYY syndrome, and how common is it among genetic males?

• Extra X chromosome; 1 in 500

• Extra Y chromosome; 1 in 100

• Extra Y chromosome; 1 in 1000

• Extra X and Y chromosomes; 1 in 100

What did Patricia Jacobs et al. (1965) find in their chromosome survey regarding XYY males in a state hospital in Lanarkshire, Scotland?

• No association with crime

• Over-representation in the prison population

• Lower intelligence

• Impulsivity

According to Seena Fazel et al. (2011), what percentage of individuals with traumatic brain injuries had committed a violent crime?

• 3%

• 5%

• 8.8%

• 10%