Modified Rhetoric & Ethos, Pathos, and Logos IXL E.5, L.1, & L.2

• My lords, the present occasion is too serious to allow me to follow the convention that a woman should not speak in a man's council. Those whose interests are threatened by extreme danger should think only of the wisest course of action, not of conventions.

• In my opinion, flight is not the right course, even if it should bring us to safety. It is impossible for a person, having been born into this world, not to die; but for one who has reigned it is intolerable to be a fugitive. May I never be deprived of this purple robe, and may I never see the day when those who meet me do not call me empress.

• If you wish to save yourself, my lord, there is no difficulty. We are provisioned; over there is the sea, and yonder are the ships. Yet reflect for a moment whether, when you have once escaped to a place of security, you would not gladly exchange such safety for death. As for me, I agree with the adage that the royal purple is the noblest shroud.

1.a Based on the excerpt, what is the purpose of Empress Theodora's speech?

• To promote the rights of women to speak in the counsil
• To convince her husband to stay and fight
• To persuade the counsil to surrender peaceably

• My lords, the present occasion is too serious to allow me to follow the convention that a woman should not speak in a man's council. Those whose interests are threatened by extreme danger should think only of the wisest course of action, not of conventions.

• In my opinion, flight is not the right course, even if it should bring us to safety. It is impossible for a person, having been born into this world, not to die; but for one who has reigned it is intolerable to be a fugitive. May I never be deprived of this purple robe, and may I never see the day when those who meet me do not call me empress.

• If you wish to save yourself, my lord, there is no difficulty. We are provisioned; over there is the sea, and yonder are the ships. Yet reflect for a moment whether, when you have once escaped to a place of security, you would not gladly exchange such safety for death. As for me, I agree with the adage that the royal purple is the noblest shroud.

1.b In the text in bold, what rhetorical strategy does Empress Theodora use?

• She gives a vivid description of her roayl riches.
• She uses the purple cloth to symbolize royalty.
• She establishes her royal authority over her husband.

• My lords, the present occasion is too serious to allow me to follow the convention that a woman should not speak in a man's council. Those whose interests are threatened by extreme danger should think only of the wisest course of action, not of conventions.

• In my opinion, flight is not the right course, even if it should bring us to safety. It is impossible for a person, having been born into this world, not to die; but for one who has reigned it is intolerable to be a fugitive. May I never be deprived of this purple robe, and may I never see the day when those who meet me do not call me empress.

• If you wish to save yourself, my lord, there is no difficulty. We are provisioned; over there is the sea, and yonder are the ships. Yet reflect for a moment whether, when you have once escaped to a place of security, you would not gladly exchange such safety for death. As for me, I agree with the adage that the royal purple is the noblest shroud.

1.c How does this strategy help Empress Theodora convince her husband to stay and fight?

• It creates a vivid picture of the empress wearing her royal robes.
• It emphasizes the importance of defending their royal position.
• It motivates her husband to try to expand their royal domain.

• Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming. We have petitioned; we have complained; we have appealed; we have groveled before the throne. Our petitions have been slighted; our complaints have produced additional violence and insult; our appeals have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free . . . we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! . . .

• Gentlemen may cry for peace—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why do we stand here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have us do? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, that it must be gained at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!

2.a Based on the excerpt, what is the purpose of Patrick Henry's speech?

• To persuade the Convention not to give up hope of peace.
• To convince the Convention that war is necessary to preserve freedom.
• To suggest that the Convention compromise with the British government.

• Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming. We have petitioned; we have complained; we have appealed; we have groveled before the throne. Our petitions have been slighted; our complaints have produced additional violence and insult; our appeals have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free . . . we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! . . .

• Gentlemen may cry for peace—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why do we stand here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have us do? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, that it must be gained at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!

2.b In the text in bold, what rhetorical strategy does Patrick Henry use?

• He uses groups of three.
• He uses sentences with similar structure.
• He tells a humorous story.

• Sir, we have done everything that could be done to avert the storm which is now coming. We have petitioned; we have complained; we have appealed; we have groveled before the throne. Our petitions have been slighted; our complaints have produced additional violence and insult; our appeals have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, from the foot of the throne! In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. If we wish to be free . . . we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! . . .

• Gentlemen may cry for peace—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why do we stand here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have us do? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, that it must be gained at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!

2.c How does this strategy help Patrick Henry convince the Convention that war is necessary to preserve freedom?

• It demonstrates how most Americans are unsure if they want independence.
• It emphasizes the failure of attempts at peaceful resolution.
• It inspires fear of an attack from the British throne.

• Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. . . .

• The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.

• Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

• Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

• And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. . . .

• I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

3.a Based on the excerpt, what is the purpose of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's speech?

• To convince the nation that a declaration of war is necessary.
• To lay out a plan for retaliation against the Japanese empire.
• To criticize Congress for not preparing for an attack.

• Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. . . .

• The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.

• Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

• Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

• And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. . . .

• I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

3.b In the text in bold, what rhetorical strategy does Franklin Delano Roosevelt use?

• He uses repetition.
• He exaggerates a point.
• He uses a symbol.

• Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan. . . .

• The attack yesterday on the Hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces. I regret to tell you that very many American lives have been lost. In addition, American ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between San Francisco and Honolulu.

• Yesterday, the Japanese government also launched an attack against Malaya.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam.

• Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.

• Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island.

• And this morning, the Japanese attacked Midway Island. . . .

• I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese empire.

3.c How does this strategy help Franklin Delano Roosevelt convince the nation that a declaration of war is necessary?

• It emphasizes the extent of the attack and the danger of the situation.
• It emphasizes the superiority of the military of the United States.
• It helps the audience imagine the fallen soldiers.

4. Which rhetorical appeal is primarily used in this ad?

• Ethos
• Pathos
• Logos