pH and Buffers

Complete separation of ions in a crystal lattice when salt is dissolved

• Ionization
• Dissociation

Separation of ions in solution when the ions are associated by interionic attraction

• Ionization
• Dissociation

Acids are hydrogen-containing compounds that dissociate in water to give H+ ions or protons, while bases are hydroxide compounds that dissociate to give OH– ions

• Arrhenius Theory
• Bronsted-Lowry Theory
• Lewis Theory
• Pearson’s HSAB

Any compound that can transfer a proton to any other compound is an acid, and the compound that accepts the proton is a base.

• Arrhenius Theory
• Bronsted-Lowry Theory
• Lewis Theory
• Pearson’s HSAB

Acids react with bases to share a pair of electrons, with no change in the oxidation numbers of any atoms

• Arrhenius Theory
• Bronsted-Lowry Theory
• Lewis Theory
• Pearson’s HSAB

Hard acids prefer to associate with hard bases and that soft acids prefer to associate with soft bases

• Arrhenius Theory
• Bronsted-Lowry Theory
• Lewis Theory
• Pearson’s HSAB

The negative logarithm of the H+ concentration

• pH
• OH-
• pOH

as pH decreases, H+ concentration increases exponentially

• TRUE
• FALSE

pH =

• -log [H+]
• log [H+]
• -log[OH-]

pOH =

• -log [H+]
• log [H+]
• -log[OH-]