Motivation is the processes that:

• Account for an individual's effort in channelling efforts in achieving a goal.

• Account for an individual's psychological needs in achieving a goal

• Account for an individual's intensity, direction and persistence of effort towards attaining a goal

• Account for an individual's willingness to work hard in achieving a goal

Which answer reflects Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

• Internal and external

• Physiological, safety/security, social-belongingness, esteem, and self-actualisation

• Recognition, understanding, validation

• Social esteem, self-actualisation, safety

According to the two-factor theory:

• Increased pay results in increased motivation.

• Poor motivation leads to dissatisfaction in the workplace.

• Job satisfaction is not the opposite of job dissatisfaction.

• People are motivated through relationships with others.

What are hygiene factors?

• Lower order needs

• Intrinsic and extrinsic factors

• Positive feelings

• Organisational policy, administration and supervision

McClelland's Human Motivation Theory states that every person has one of three main driving motivators. What are they?

• achievement, affiliation, or power

• intrinsic factors, extrinsic factors, or goals

• social esteem, self-actualisation, safety

• recognition, understanding, or validation

Goal-setting theory assumes that:

• an individual is not committed to the goal and is determined not to lower or abandon it.

• in terms of behaviour, the individual believes he or she can achieve the goal and wants to achieve it.

• an individual is committed to the goal and is determined to lower and abandon it.

• in terms of behaviour, the individual believes he or she cannot achieve the goal and wants to achieve it.

Self-determination theory proposes that:

• when people are paid for work, it may feel more like something they want to do and more like something they have to do.

• people prefer to feel they have control over their actions.

• people seek ways to achieve competence and negative connections with others.

• when people are paid for work, it may feel more like something they want to do and more like something they have to do.

Equity theory makes referent comparisons between:

• Friend's outcomes and a relative's outcomes

• Individual outcomes and the outcomes of others.

• Manager's outcomes and the outcomes of employees

• Individual outcomes and past experiences.

Which is NOT one of the 5 core job dimensions of the job characteristic model?

• Skill variety: the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities so the worker can use a number of different skills and talent.

• Task identity: the degree to which a person wants to do the work.

• Task significance: the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people.

• Autonomy: the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom, independence and discretion with scheduling and planning his or her work.

• Feedback: the degree to which carrying out the work activities generates direct and clear information about the worker’s own performance.

Which statements are true about compensation and pay?

• The main barrier to wider adoption of variable-pay plans in Australia is the restrictive tax rules and unionism.

• Variable-pay program bases a portion of an employee’s pay on some individual and/or group measure of performance.

• Extrinsic rewards rely upon recognition for work well done and have long-term effects.

• Flexible benefits can accommodate differences in employee needs based on age, marital status, spouse’s benefit status, number and age of dependants and the like.